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In many radiotherapy applications, true three-dimensional dosimetry with good spatial resolution that can be achieved in a single measurement would be of great value. Polymer gel dosimetry fulfils many of the demands on such a system. In this study, methods to facilitate the implementation of gel dosimetry have been investigated. A new type of polymer gel, for which the response to absorbed dose i
It is commonly argued that the private sector needs to become actively involved for society to stand a chance of solving the most pressing global problems. This thesis, consisting of five articles previously published in refereed journals and an introductory essay, studies one case of private actor participation in global environmental governance: the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (
This thesis deals with signal processing algorithms for analysis of the electrocardiogram (ECG) during atrial fibrillation (AF). Such analysis can be used for diagnosing patients, and for monitoring and predicting their response to various treatment. The thesis comprises an introduction and five papers describing methods for ECG-based modeling and characterization of AF. Paper I--IV deal with meth
This thesis makes a contribution to strategy-proof social choice theory, in which one investigates the conditions under which it is possible to construct social choice functions (i.e., voting procedures) that can never be manipulated in the sense that some voter, by misrepresentation of his true preferences, can change the outcome of a voting and obtain an alternative he prefers to the one that ho
The formation of lumps during powder dissolution is undesirable in most cases. In a world where the use of dry products is increasing, incomplete powder dissolution and lump formation can for instance affect the color of a paint or the nutritional content of baby food. In this thesis, the phenomena governing lump formation of agglomerated spray dried dairy powders were investigated. The focus of t
Molecular imaging, both in vivo and ex vivo, is playing an increasingly important role in preclinical medical research. When using radionuclide-labeled tracers, e.g. in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic imaging or for radionuclide therapy, quantitative in vivo imaging can be performed using emission tomography. Quantitative autoradiography of thin tissue sections is employed t
This thesis concerns experimental and theoretical work regarding perpendicular to grain fracture in wooden structural elements. The experimental part concerns strength tests of glulam beams with a hole. The theoretical parts concern development of two models for strength and fracture analysis, both based on fracture mechanics approaches, and their application to analysis of beams with a hole and d
Today’s trends are the ever growing competition with increased globalization and sustainability. Together with ongoing technological developments and the demand for right quality of products and services, this has also resulted in increased demands for legislation and traceability. This development has also had an impact on packaging and Packaging Logistics. This thesis deals with packaging, logis
NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, or complex I, is a large, complex and poorly understood bioenergetic enzyme in the respiratory chain of living organisms. The enzyme has a conserved core structure, comprising fourteen protein subunits: Seven subunits protrude from the membrane and contain a flavin prosthetic group and eight iron-sulfur clusters that guide electrons from the oxidation of NADH towards t
Continuum based elasto-plastic-damage models for paperboard have been established in this work. The thesis begins with an introductory section that describes the mechanical properties of paperboard and some of the converting processes during forming of a package. A short review of modeling concepts that have been applied to paperboard is presented and then some key aspects and assumptions develope
Recruitment and selection of managers is to a large degree characterized by information uncertainty. Managers’ performance is difficult to evaluate, as their responsibility consists of so many different aspects, as they may not always be observed due to need for freedom of action and as their work is affected by factors in their environment, which are outside of their control. Also, selection deci
Most conventional ECG interpretation programs use decision tree logic for interpretation of the ECG. The performance is generally good but can be improved. Artificial neural networks represent a new computer method, which has proved to be of value in pattern recognition and classification tasks. The purpose of the studies in this thesis was to improve the analysis/interpretation of the 12-lead EC
This thesis focuses on electrical transport in semiconductor InAs nanowires grown by chemical beam epitaxy. Initially, transport length scales of homogeneous InAs n-type nanowires are characterized by low-temperature magnetoconductance measurements. The measurements show phase-coherent conductivity corrections. By fitting the data, we find the nanowire mean-free path to be 50 nm and the phase-cohe
As quality and performance demands on today’s products increases, more and more advanced materials are being used during modern production. The problem is however that this in turn place new demands on the machining processes utilized. Even though a significant amount of research has been published on the machining of these materials knowledge is still limited in several crucial areas. A problem w
We are interested in the effect of harvesting on population fluctuations and for that purpose we develop and analyze an age-structured model where recruitment is a stochastic process and the adult segment of the population is harvested. When a constant annual harvest is taken the coefficient of variation of the adult population increases for most parameter values due to the age truncation effect,
Starches and celluloses can be chemically modified in order to affect their physiochemical properties. Modification of these carbohydrate polymers entails derivatising their free hydroxyl groups with functional groups. Which properties are obtained depends on the nature of the functional groups as well as on how they are distributed throughout the polymeric structure of the carbohydrate. Unfortuna
In this thesis I present studies concerning genomic diversity and genetic heterogeneity as well as the evolution and maintenance of genetic variation at a specific immune defence gene in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.). I here present data on nucleotide diversity showing that human activities as well as different post-glacial colonisation events have had considerable effects on the genomic diver
This thesis presents the utilization of two different decomposition techniques, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), for enhanced understanding of flow structures and their stability. The advantages of these techniques are shown for a range of flow situations, most of which are turbulent. It is shown that by these methods additional insight into complex flow
The study of phyllotactic patterns have a long history, but the bulk of our detailed understanding of developmental processes in plants comes from research conducted in the last thirty or forty years. New modern techniques have made it possible to study plants in ways that previously was not possible. Using confocal microscopy it is possible to generate three-dimensional stacks of images of a plan
The lowering of energy use from artificial lighting in buildings is vital to reaching the goal of reducing CO2 emissions. Hence, changes in individuals’ behaviours regarding lighting use have received increased attention. Feedback on energy use has often been used to change individuals’ behaviour. However, it is not clear to what extent this approach can be applied for non-residential buildings, w
