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Most cells are crowded with solutes, enzymes, nucleic acids, structural proteins and membranes. Crowding promotes macromolecular interactions and determines major properties of the cellular environment such as viscosity, diffusion and inhomogeneity. Macromolecular interactions that involve enzymes can affect the kinetic and regulatory properties of these, hence the interactions are part of the met
This thesis presents results from experimental studies of the interfacial behaviour of surfactants and enzymes at model surfaces. The main technique used throughout the work was ellipsometry. Studies of surfactant adsorption in static and dynamic wetting situations were performed to investigate adsorption behaviour close to the three-phase contact line (tpl) during dynamic wetting. It was demonst
The oxidation of Rh, Pd and Pt is studied under conditions ranging from ultra high vacuum to ambient pressures, with emphasis on a complete understanding of the geometry of the various oxide structures found. The investigations use a combination of various experimental methods, including high resolution core level spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction, surface x-ray diffraction and scannin
Under aerobic conditions, most yeasts such as Kluyveromyces lactis, prefer the respiratory pathway and some, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae prefer less energy efficient fermentative pathway for their energy metabolism. These two metabolic strategies are also known as Crabtree negative and Crabtree positive respectively, and the evolution of the latter has lately been explained by the “make-accum
Due to our own preference for bright light, we tend to forget that many insects are active in very dim light. The reasons for nocturnal activity are most easily seen in tropical areas of the world, where animals face severe competition for food and nocturnal insects are able to forage in a climate of reduced competition and predation. Generally nocturnal insects possess superposition compound eye
Aquaporins, or Major Intrinsic Proteins (MIPs), are integral proteins that facilitate transport of water and other small neutral solutes across biological membranes. They belong to a well conserved and ancient family of proteins, present in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants and humans. The aquaporin family in plants is large, indicating complex and regulated water transport within the
This thesis concerns the interplay between the lipid phase behaviour, domain formation and the permeability of bilayer membranes. An essential part of this work has been the understanding of the phase transitions and equilibrium properties of lipid bilayers. In this approach experimental results of lipid phase behaviour have been correlated to theoretical descriptions of the systems. An isothermal
This work is not so much about religion as about individual religiosity. It is primarily about people practicing Zen, less about Zen Buddhism as a systematic ideology or philosophy. I set out from the start to try to explore the wide gap between theory and practice in Zen. The more abstract doctrines and idealized norms have had a tendency to dominate works on Zen, confessional as well as scholast
The presence of genes in food, encoding some virulence factors, was studied by PCR, and species of Enterobacteriaceae, associated with food, were studied by the DNA-based methods of TTGE, ribotyping and sequencing. The flora of fresh and chill-stored pork were analysed by a culture-independent approach, using specific amplification of 16S rRNA genes followed by cloning and sequencing. No evidence
Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is not infrequent in the clinical situation and the intestinal barrier plays an important role in gut barrier function, preventing not at least septic complications and potentially the development of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Mechanisms of intestinal I/R induced gut epithelial and endothelial barrier dysfunction and remote organ dysfunction
Psychological processes involved in moral cognition were examined in three studies, taking as their starting point the assumption that the cognitive-developmental perspective commonly taken is too narrow and that individual differences and implicit processes need to be taken into consideration. Study I focused on the role of defense mechanisms in moral thinking. A self-report questionnaire was co
Kliniska och experimentella studier av nickelallergi Nickelallergi är vanligt, särskilt hos kvinnor. Nickelallergi leder ofta till periodiskt eller kroniskt eksem, främst på händerna. Dessa eksem kan vara svårläkta och leda till långa sjukskrivningsperioder. Nickel finns överallt i omgivningen och det går inte att helt undvika exposition för denna metall. Clinical and experimental studies in nic
The aim of this investigation has been to study mechanisms by which glucocorticoids inhibit inflammatory processes in vitro. Type IV cytosolic 85 kDa phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is an important modulator of inflammatory responses that is present in macrophages as well as in other cell types. In macrophages, the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (dex) was found to reduce the expression of cPLA2 a
Recent research has shown that when decision makers in retrospect are asked to reproduce attractiveness evaluations (of aspects) of important characteristics (attributes) of a chosen and a non-chosen choice alternative, they exaggerate the attractiveness difference between the alternatives. This post-decision attractiveness differentiation (consolidation) works in favor of the chosen alternative.
Internal dosimetry deals with the assessment of absorbed dose for radionuclides distributed inside the body. The absorbed dose is in its turn used for correlation with the biological effect caused by the irradiation. In radioimmunotherapy is however the correlation not easily found and factors influencing this are evaluated and discussed in this work. The internal dosimetry could be subdivided int
Radionuclide therapy (RNT) is a generic term for treatment modalities that use a radionuclide labeled to a target-specific molecule. This so-called radiopharmaceutical accumulates in the target, where the ionizing radiation damages the cells. At sufficient levels of radiation, the cells cannot repair themselves. The quantity of the energy deposited in a target region is referred to as the absorbed
This thesis focusses on the spatial distribution of precipitation within Scania and on its relation with large-scale climate. The spatial distribution of Scanian precipitation was analysed using a dense rain-gauge network of daily measurements. The performance of the Rossby Centre regional Atmospheric model in simulating the observed spatial distribution was evaluated. The influence of the regiona
In sociology shock is often seen as emblematic of modernity. However, while Benjamin and Simmel famously portray the big city crowd - and by extension modernity itself - as an arena of shock, shock sensations are notable for their absence in depictions of the crowd as well as of modernity as a whole in much contemporary literature. This is evident in depictions involving streets, trains, technolog
For young persons with disabilities it is important to be as everyone else and not deviating from the normative in an unwanted way. Assistive devices are products that persons with disabilities can use to get accessibility to our society. Such products enable the person to participate in activities he or she wishes to take part in. However assistive devices are also a sign for disability, indicati
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common complication after episodes of respiratory tract infections in childhood. Some children have recurrent episodes and they are often called otitis-prone. These children are prone not only to middle-ear diseases but also to other infectious diseases. The aims of the present study of otitis-prone children and controls were to describe the overall illness and need f
