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The current range and volume of research evaluation-related literature is extensive and incorporates scholarly and policy/practice-related perspectives. This reflects academic and practical interest over many decades and trails the changing funding and reputational modalities for universities, namely increased selectivity applied to institutional research funding streams and the perceived importan
This article explores the financial dilemma from a household level perspective of paying for primary education in Tanzania. In 2001, the primary education fee was abolished in a serious attempt to achieve free universal primary education. By eliminating what was perceived as the main obstacle for reaching education for all, the enrollment rates were expected to increase. However, the schools thems
There appear to be no methodological works on empirical research in the Arab world and only a few recent works on methodologies of elite research. The purpose of this article is not to fill the gap in empirical research on the Arab world or to present groundbreaking discoveries on methodologies for elite research. Rather, it is to pave the way for future works in that direction. Another purpose is
The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to investigate how transvaginal ultrasound examination of non-pregnant women could be used to visualize and assess caesarean hysterotomy scars, and to evaluate the risk of uterine rupture in subsequent pregnancies. The diagnostic value of transvaginal ultrasound for correct evaluation of caesarean hysterotomy scars was determined, and the prevalence
Obesity is a risk factor for a plethora of severe morbidities and premature death. Most supporting evidence comes from observational studies that are prone to chance, bias and confounding. Even data on the protective effects of weight loss from randomized controlled trials will be susceptible to confounding and bias if treatment assignment cannot be masked, which is usually the case with lifestyle
In prokaryotes, several mRNA sequences surrounding the initiation codon have been found to influence the translation process; these include the downstream region and its codon context, the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the S1 ribosomal protein-binding site. In this thesis, the purpose has been to study the role of the downstream region and Shine-Dalgarno-like sequences on early translation elongatio
Research data are complicated things. The question of whether they are things at all is of course contentious. Yet, even if we leave this issue aside for now, there are continuous debates - some would say struggles - over who owns the data, how to handle and describe it, how to store and share more of it and why, in short, who has which interest in it. It is also unclear when it is appropriate to
This book presents state-of-the-art research into English-medium instruction (EMI) in European higher education over the last 20 years, offering a comprehensive comparative analysis toward identifying gaps in our understanding of relevant theories, research, and practice. Molino, Dimova, Kling, and Larsen argue for the need to take stock of the progression of EMI research in European higher educat
The purpose of this study was to investigate for how long the thermal power of hydration can be measured with isothermal calorimetry, which is a general measurement technique with stable properties that, in many cases, can detect low rates of processes. Measurements were conducted for 365 days on cement paste with Portland cement, fly ash blended Portland cement and different water-to-binder ratio
The urgency of global climate change and other geological-scale anthropogenic impacts also suggests new perspectives on economic history. This thesis argues for the inclusion into economic history of more Earth-system centred feedbacks, both in terms of environmental and climatic consequences and environmental and climatic causes, where consequences in one realm may again become causal in the othe
Environmental research infrastructures are often built on a large number of distributed observational or experimental sites, run by hundreds of scientists and technicians, financially supported and administrated by a large number of institutions. It becomes very important to acknowledge the data sources and their providers. There is also a strong need for common data citation tracking systems that
This article outlines experimental and numerical studies on shrinkage of High-Performance Concrete, HPC. Especially carbonation shrinkage may introduce surface cracking in concrete, which affects the durability. In order to study shrinkage, cylinders of eight qualities of HPC were investigated. Parallel studies on autogenous shrinkage, drying shrinkage, hydration, internal relative humidity and st
