Background: Existing evidence for the prospective association of vitamin D status with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is focused almost exclusively on circulating total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] without distinction between its subtypes: Nonepimeric and epimeric 25(OH)D 3 stereoisomers, and 25(OH)D 2 , the minor component of 25(OH)D. We aimed to investigate the prospective associations of circulating

The top quark mass is measured using a template method in the tt¯ → lepton + jets channel (lepton is e or μ) using ATLAS data recorded in 2012 at the LHC. The data were taken at a proton–proton centre-of-mass energy of s=8 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb - 1 . The tt¯ → lepton + jets channel is characterized by the presence of a charged lepton, a neutrino and four jets, t

High‐speed neutron tomographies (1‐min acquisition) have been acquired during water invasion into air‐filled samples of both intact and deformed (ex situ) Vosges sandstone. Three‐dimensional volume images have been processed to detect and track the evolution of the waterfront and to calculate full‐field measurement of its speed of advance. The flow process correlates well with known rock propertie

This study investigates mode switching from spark ignited operation with early intake valve closing to residual gas enhanced HCCI using negative valve overlap on a port-fuel injected light-duty diesel engine. A mode switch is demonstrated at 3.5 bar IMEPnet and 1500 rpm. Valve timings and fuel amount have to be selected carefully prior to the mode switch. During mode transition, IMEPnet deviates b

A measurement of the four-lepton invariant mass spectrum is made with the ATLAS detector, using an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb −1 of proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV delivered by the Large Hadron Collider. The differential cross-section is measured for events containing two same-flavour opposite-sign lepton pairs. It exhibits a rich structure, with different mass regions dominated in th

Carbohydrates are involved in many cellular processes, and most biomolecules are glycosylated. Thesemodifications are used in biological systems as information carriers, helping regulate organization on the cell surfaceand interactions between cells and the environment. Galectins are a family of carbohydrate binding proteins thatbind to polysaccharides containing a galactose. Galectins have the abCarbohydrates are involved in many cellular processes, and most biomolecules are glycosylated. Thesemodifications are used in biological systems as information carriers, helping regulate organization on the cell surfaceand interactions between cells and the environment. Galectins are a family of carbohydrate binding proteins thatbind to polysaccharides containing a galactose. Galectins have the ab

WHAT WE ALREADY KNOW ABOUT THIS TOPIC: WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: BACKGROUND:: Technology for cardiac output (CO) and blood volume measurements has been developed based on blood dilution with a small bolus of physiologic body temperature saline, which, after transcardiopulmonary mixing, is detected with ultrasound sensors attached to an extracorporeal arteriovenous loop using existing

This paper presents measurements of tt¯ production in association with additional b-jets in pp collisions at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb −1 . Fiducial cross-section measurements are performed in the dilepton and lepton-plus-jets tt¯ decay channels. Results are presented at particl

The concentrations of high- and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides are influenced by smoking, but it is unknown whether genetic associations with lipids may be modified by smoking. We conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide gene–smoking interaction study in 133,805 individuals with follow-up in an additional 253,467 individuals. Combined meta-analyses identified 13 new loci assoc

The pseudorapidity density of charged particles, d N ch / d η, in p–Pb collisions has been measured at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon pair of sNN = 8.16 TeV at mid-pseudorapidity for non-single-diffractive events. The results cover 3.6 units of pseudorapidity, | η| < 1.8. The d N ch / d η value is 19.1 ± 0.7 at | η| < 0.5. This quantity divided by ⟨ N part ⟩ / 2 is 4.73 ± 0.20 , where

We compared three different Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) that we have designed and implemented to enable human supervision of an unmanned ship. Our findings indicate that a 3D GUI presented either on a screen or in a Virtual Reality (VR) setting provides several objective and subjective benefits compared to a Baseline GUI representing traditional tools.

Numerical dating and geomorphic studies on alluvial sediment were undertaken in the uppermost reaches of the Dunajec River catchment in the northern foreland of the Tatra Mountains of Poland. Successions of alluvial deposits in river terraces and alluvial fans are common in this region. In particular, alluvial fans deposited a thick succession of sediment in the intramontane Orawa-Nowy Targ Depres

Various paleoclimatic records have been used to reconstruct the hydrologic history of the Altiplano, relating this history to past variability of the South American summer monsoon. Prior studies of the southern Altiplano, the location of the world's largest salt flat, the Salar de Uyuni, and its neighbor, the Salar de Coipasa, generally agree in their reconstructions of the climate history of the

OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy and reasons for disagreement of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography findings in the assessment of the atrioventricular valve complex in patients with atrioventricular septal defect. METHODS: A total of 20 children (mean age 8 months) with atrioventricular septal defect were enrolled prospectively into this study. The accuracy of and t

X-ray imaging using a Talbot-Lau interferometer, consisting of three binary gratings, is a well-established approach to acquire x-ray phase-contrast and dark-field images with a polychromatic source. However, challenges in the production of high aspect ratio gratings limit the construction of a compact setup for high x-ray energies. In this study we consider the use of phase gratings with triangul