Aims: To assess changes in access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) between the end of 2002 and the end of 2005, and to review the capacity for further HAART scale-up in the then 52 Member States of the WHO European Region. Methods: Analysis of data from four surveys evaluating access to HAART, supplemented by regional estimates of the number of people receiving HAART. Changes in acc

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 strains are highly resistant to opsonophagocytosis due to recruitment of the complement inhibitor Factor H via Hic, a member of the pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC) family. In this study, we demonstrated that Hic also interacts with vitronectin, a fluid-phase regulator involved in haemostasis, angiogenesis, and the terminal complement cascade as well as a c

The purpose of this study is to describe how the greenhouse gas (GHG) benefits of ethanol from agricultural crops depend on local conditions and calculation methods. The focus is mainly on the fuels used in the ethanol process and biogenic GHG from the soils cultivated. To ensure that "good" ethanol is produced, with reference to GHG benefits, the following demands must be met: (i) ethanol plants

This study shows that different species of the same genus can behave differently in relation to a salinity gradient and suggests that a halocline can act as a barrier to the diel vertical migration (DVM) of dinoflagellate species. In a laboratory study, we found that the dinoflagellates Ceratium furca, C. tripos and Dinophysis acuta did not cross a salinity gradient of 5 psu, but instead exhibited

We report on magnetotransport measurements of nanoconstricted (Ga,Mn)As devices showing very large resistance changes that can be controlled by both an electric and a magnetic field. Based on the bias voltage and temperature dependent measurements down to the millikelvin range we compare the models currently used to describe transport through (Ga,Mn)As nanoconstrictions. We provide an explanation

This paper presents RF as well as low-frequency capacitance–voltage (C–V) characterization of vertical wrap-gated InAs/high-κ nanowire MOS capacitors. A full equivalent circuit model for traps is used to fit the low-frequency C–V characteristics, from which the interface trap density (Dit) and border trap density (Nbt) are evaluated separately. The results show comparable Nbt but far lower Dit (

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Malunion after a distal radius fracture can be treated with an osteotomy of the distal radius. Often autologous iliac crest bone graft is used to fill the gap, but this is associated with donor site morbidity. Instead of bone graft, we have used a slow-resorbing bone substitute in combination with a minimally invasive fixation technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 25 consecutive

Starting from conventional Young operators, we construct Hermitian operators which project orthogonally onto irreducible representations of the (special) unitary group. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

Cystatin C (CysC) expression in the brain is elevated in human patients with epilepsy, in animal models of neurodegenerative conditions, and in response to injury, but whether up-regulated CysC expression is a manifestation of neurodegeneration or a cellular repair response is not understood. This study demonstrates that human CysC is neuroprotective in cultures exposed to cytotoxic challenges, in

The influence of exciton-vibrational coupling on the energy level structure, oscillator strength, and relaxation dynamics is investigated for two different excitonic dimer models. As compared with a purely electronic dimer, the inclusion of local vibrational modes within a vibronic dimer gives rise to a complex energy level structure including avoided crossings and changes of the nature of the exc

Background: Sleep disturbances are common among older people (>65 years). Further, long-term use of sedative-hypnotics in older people is associated with morbidity and mortality. However, older people represent a large span of life years, and few studies have included the oldest-old above 85 years. Aim: To investigate and compare sleep quality, use of hypnotics and sleeping habits in different age

Popular Abstract in Swedish Intresset för evidens-baserad vård växer snabbt men trots att nya forskningsresultat produceras och publiceras löpande, tar det lång tid innan de får genomslag i den vård som erbjuds patienter och brukare. Det finns beräkningar som talar för att det tar mellan åtta och trettio år innan tillgängliga forskningsresultat har blivit implementerade och börjat användas rutinmäThe aim of this thesis was to investigate and synthesise the knowledge base concerning leadership and its influence on the implementation of evidence-based practice. A further aim was to investigate attitudes and beliefs among politicians, healthcare managers and mental healthcare professionals about the Swedish national guidelines for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like conditions. Data was colle

ICT has provided the infrastructure to enable easy access to scientific information. Despite this, libraries are suffering from the rising of journal subscriptions. Additionally, the structure of scholarly publications is creating a wasteful situation where publicly funded research is being paid for several times over. University libraries are struggling to deal with these new realities at the sam

We report a case of an axillary abscess with Streptococcus pyogenes complicated by venous thrombosis. Bacterial etiology and typing was obtained by PCR and sequencing of the 16S rRNA and the M-protein genes from abscess material. The bacterium was of M41 serotype and serology indicated that it had expressed pro-coagulant factors.

Large market-driven software companies face new challenges in requirements engineering and management that emerged due to their recent extensive growth. At the same time, the pressure generated by competitors’ and users’ expectations demands being more competitive, creative and flexible to more quickly respond to a rapidly changing market situation. In the pursuit of staying competitive in this co

The first measurements from proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. Data were collected in December 2009 using a minimum-bias trigger during collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 900 GeV. The charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity, and the relationship between mean transverse momentum and charged-partic

The rise of MEMS and µTAS techniques has created a whole new family of microfluidic devices for a wide range of chemical and biomedical analyses to be performed on small Lab-on-a-chip platforms. The operations often include small samples of particle or cell suspensions on which separation, mixing, trapping or sorting is performed. External fields and forces are used for these operations, and this

Extreme climatic events such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation profoundly affect many plants and animals, including amphibians, which are strongly negatively affected by drought conditions. How amphibians respond to exceptionally high precipitation as observed in La Nina events, however, remains unclear. We document the correlation between the exceedingly wet 2010-2012 La Nina and community-leve

In this work the sensitivity-increasing effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in amperometric biosensors, depending on their average length distribution, was studied. For this purpose the SWCNTs were oxidatively shortened and subsequently length separated by size exclusion chromatography. Transmission electron micrographs of different fractions of SWCNTs were collected. Diaphorase "wir