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Life-history theory predicts a trade-off between immune defence and reproduction. If an individual needs to fight an infection during the breeding season, they may reduce their current reproductive effort and invest more resources into an immune response. Alternatively, they may invest their resources into increasing current reproductive effort at the expense of immune defence, which could reduce
Understanding how organisms allocate limited resources among competing traits is a central issue in evolutionary biology. In this thesis, I test whether butterflies have an energetic trade-off between the high-cost sensory traits, compound eyes and antennae. Such a trade-off would be predicted by the Expensive Tissue Hypothesis. We used high-resolution 3D micro-CT data from 233 museum specimens (r
Copepods play a central role in marine food webs, acting as an important link between primary producers and higher trophic levels. Predator-prey interactions between copepods and their prey drive the evolution of defense traits in phytoplankton, including chemically mediated inducible defenses. While our understanding of how predator alarm cues structure plankton communities is developing rapidly,
Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda när en praktikant är att betrakta som arbetstagare vid tillämpning av kollektivavtal, nationell arbetsrättslig lag samt EU-lagstiftning, samt att utreda hur förslagen till praktikantdirektiv vid ett anta-gande skulle kunna inverka på bedömningen av om en praktikant är arbetsta-gare. I uppsatsen har rättsdogmatisk metod använts. Arbetsdomstolen har vid flera tillThe aim of the thesis is to determine when a trainee is to be regarded as a worker for the purposes of collective agreements and Swedish national labour law, and as a worker under EU legislation, as well as to examine how the proposed directives on traineeships, if adopted, could affect the assessment of whether a trainee is an employee. The thesis uses a legal-dogmatic method. The Swedish Labour
Growing research on ecosystem subsidies has emphasized the connection between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, with changes in one triggering responses in the other. In high mountain lakes, emerging aquatic insects are considered key aquatic subsidies and serve as an important nutrient resource for surrounding terrestrial ecosystem. The introduction of alien fish into these lakes, known to caus
Purpose: To explore healthcare professionals' (HPs’) experiences of work-related challenges among people with inflammatory arthritis (IA). Methods: A qualitative, interview study using a hermeneutic approach was planned. HPs with different professional backgrounds working with people with rheumatic diseases were recruited. An interview guide was developed according to relevant literature. The anal
Electric scooters (e-scooters) have emerged as a fundamental component of urban micro-mobility, particularly in European cities during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study employs the Full Consistency Method (FUCOM) and Kendall rank correlation method to assess the preferences and priorities of university students in Catania, Italy, regarding e-scooter adoption. By analyzing influencing factors, this
The main focus of this case study was to assess ecological succession and restoration success after the removal of Rosa rugosa. Plant species composition and moss presence, bare ground cover, and biodiversity indices were analysed to identify patterns and differences within and between the restored and an invaded adjacent area. The complete absence of R. rugosa in restored plots confirms the effec
Fler växtarter i fröblandingen leder inte till en högre mångfald av pollinatörer i blomremsor? Dagens högintensiva jordbruk och markanvändning har resulterat i stora förluster av flera olika pollinatörsgrupper. Mycket av deras naturliga livsmiljöer har försvunnit samtidigt som de utsätts för bekämpningsmedel som har ytterligare negativ påverkan. Detta är oroväckande då 90 % av alla vilda växtarteSowing wildflower strips is a commonly applied agri-environmental scheme in agricultural landscapes used to mitigate the ongoing decline in pollinator diversity and abundance. Flower strips can be implemented as either annual or perennial plantings to promote biodiversity and/or ecosystem services. As different objectives may require different seed mixtures, this may impact how various pollinator
Effects of sex, housing environment, and competitor presence on individual feeding behaviour in Trinidadian guppies The availability of food in the environment is one of the most important factors, that influences how well a species performs but also influences its interactions with the surrounding ecosystem. Therefore, this is seen as a central driver of a species life-history. For example, ind
Straumann® Emdogain® is a protein-based gel used in dentistry for tissue regeneration. Emdogain® contains enamel matrix proteins, which are mainly amelogenin proteins. These are obtained through weakly acidic extraction from porcine tooth buds. Embedded in the enamel matrix is also hydroxyapatite which releases calcium ions. These ions saturate the solution, and the protein extraction halts. An at
The loss of intertidal foraging habitats at stopover sites is the primary cause of population declines in many migratory shorebirds. However, the absence of high-tide roosts can exacerbate this impact by increasing the energy consumed for alarm flights and longer commutes between foraging and roosting sites, which have been poorly quantified during time-constrained spring stopovers. We monitored a
Ultrasmooth solution-processable quasi-2D perovskite thin films are of critical importance for many optoelectronic devices. In this work, we fabricated an ultrasmooth intermediate-phase free quasi-2D (PEA)2(FA)n−1PbnBr3n+1 perovskite film by using antisolvents with different polarities and boiling points to engineer the crystallization process. The XRD patterns of the perovskite powder showed that
Wood's flammability, low dimensional stability, and poor fungal resistance limit its application. In this study, Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was treated with a low-molecular-weight phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin and a monoguanidine phosphate flame retardant (FR) to achieve multifunctional enhancement. Differential scanning calorimetry confirmed no interference of FR with PF curing, wh
Background: Device-aided therapies (DAT) offer alternatives to oral or transdermal dopaminergic treatments in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), where they can reduce motor fluctuations and dyskinesia and improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The 5-2-1 criteria can be seen as a rough indicator when DAT might be considered, that is, when a patient has daily ≥2 hours off and/or ≥1 hour tro
The construction of heterojunctions between catalysts and cocatalysts is a widely recognized strategy to enhance catalytic activity. The precise placement of cocatalysts is widely understood to optimize charge transfer pathways and catalytic active sites. In this study, we demonstrate that site-selective decoration on an anisotropic catalyst, achieved by modulating solvent polarity and precursor r
