We present a novel family of deep neural architectures, named partially exchangeable networks (PENs) that leverage probabilistic symmetries. By design, PENs are invariant to block-switch transformations, which characterize the partial exchangeability properties of conditionally Markovian processes. Moreover, we show that any block-switch invariant function has a PEN-like representation. The DeepSe

BACKGROUND: Understanding the genetic transmission of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) will help clinicians identify patients at risk and offer opportunities for intervention and treatment at specialist clinics.OBJECTIVE: To estimate familial risk of hospitalization for OSAS in the adult population of Sweden, and to determine if there are any differences by age and sex.DESIGN, SETTING, AND

OBJECTIVES: To quantify the sibling risk of RA, SLE and AS. To analyse the concordant and discordant associations between RA, SLE and AS.METHODS: Follow-up study of all individuals and their siblings born in or after 1932 and hospitalized for RA, SLE or AS between 1973 and 2004 (32 yrs). Data were retrieved from a comprehensive dataconstructed by using several national Swedish data registers, incl

OBJECTIVE: To investigate possible associations between socioeconomic status, occupation, and hospitalization for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).METHODS: A nationwide database was constructed by linking the Swedish Census to the Hospital Discharge Register in order to obtain data on all first hospitalizations for RA in Sweden during the study period 1964 to 2004. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis and hospitalization for psychiatric disorders, as well as the association between hospitalization for dementia or delirium and systemic lupus erythematosus, by using a novel, large-scale approach.DESIGN: Cohort study with follow-up between 1973 and 2004.PARTICIPANTS: The ent

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disabling condition, for which tobacco smoking, environmental pollution, inherited alpha-antitrypsin deficiency and their interactions are predisposing factors. We carried out a family study on COPD in order to address the role of heritable and environmental risk factors at a population level.METHODS: In a nationwide study o

OBJECTIVES: Patients diagnosed with RA have been at an increased risk of many cancers and at a decreased risk of some cancers. We planned to revisit the theme by using a nation-wide population of RA patients.METHODS: An RA research database was constructed by identifying hospitalized RA patients from the Hospital Discharge Register and cancer patients from the Cancer Registry. Earlier studies from

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between socioeconomic status, occupation and hospitalization for Parkinson's disease (PD).METHODS: A nationwide database was constructed by linking the Swedish Census to the Hospital Discharge Register to obtain data on all first adult hospitalizations for PD diagnosed in Sweden during the study period from 1987 t

OBJECTIVE: Familial risks of depression have been assessed in small case-control studies, usually based on reported, but not medically verified depressions in family members; thus the degree of familial clustering for these diseases remains to be established.METHODS: We conducted a nationwide study on familial risks of depression linking the Multigeneration Register of 0-72-year-old individuals to

This study presents an empirical approach to the use of imperfect and preterite Spanish past tenses, with state and achievement verbs by Swedish students of Spanish as a foreign language in the levels A2, B1 and B2. The main objective is to establish to what extent the participants link the use of the imperfect and the preterite in relation to state and achievement verbs. The study compares the re

AIM: To investigate possible associations between hospitalization for asthma and socioeconomic status and occupation.METHODS: A nationwide database was constructed by linking Swedish Census data to the Hospital Discharge Register (1987-2004). The hospital diagnoses of asthma were based on the International Classification of Diseases. Standardized incidence ratios were calculated for different soci

Familial clustering of a disease is a direct indicator of a possible heritable cause, provided that environmental sharing can be excluded. If the familial clustering is lacking, the likelihood of a heritable influence is also small. In the era of genome scans, the consideration of data on heritability should be important in the assessment of the likely success of the genome scan. The availability

In this cumulative incidence study of the entire population of Sweden, we examined the association between neighbourhood income level and injury risks across a comprehensive set of individual variables. The population, stratified by age (0-14, 15-64, and > or =65 years), was followed for incident injury events in 1998. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the associations between nei

OBJECTIVES: To analyze whether hospitalization for a psychiatric disorder predicts Parkinson's disease (PD) in men and women in different age groups after accounting for socioeconomic status and geographical region.METHODS: Data from the MigMed database were used to identify all people in Sweden hospitalized for psychiatric disorder and PD during the study period (1987 to 2001). Standardized incid

This nationwide study aimed to enhance available data by determining sibling risks of subarachnoid hemorrhage in a total population. The MigMed database at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, was used to identify all cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosed in Sweden between 1987 and 2001. Incidence ratios standardized for age, region, and socioeconomic status (SIRs) were calculated for persons

OBJECTIVE: Familial risks of depression have been assessed in small case-control studies, usually based on reported, but not medically verified, depressions in family members; thus the degree of familial clustering of these diseases remains to be established.METHODS: The Multigeneration Register, in which all men and women born in Sweden from 1932 onward are registered together with their parents,

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between country of birth and hospitalization for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy (EP), endometriosis, and infertility.DESIGN: Follow-up study.SETTING: Sweden.PARTICIPANT(S): A total of 2,170,177 women living in Sweden at some point between 1990 and 2004, categorized into 10 different groups according to country of birth.INTERVENTION(S): No

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a common disabling condition, with known environmental and familial risk factors and with their assumed interactions. We wanted to carry out a family study on asthma to address gene-environment interactions at a population level.METHODS: We conducted a nation-wide study on familial risks for asthma. An asthma database was constructed by linking the Multigeneration Register on