Sökresultat

Filtyp

Din sökning på "*" gav 547559 sökträffar

Applying Climate Services to Transformative Adaptation in Agriculture

As climate change increasingly affects agriculture around the world, reliable, timely, and targeted information about weather and climate conditions is becoming an ever more urgent requirement for adaptation decision-making.This paper considers how transformative adaptation – long-term, systemic change to fundamental aspects of systems in response to or anticipation of severe climate change impact

Combinatorial gene targeting in primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells

The CRISPR/Cas9 system offers enormous versatility for functional genomics but many applications have proven to be challenging in primary human cells compared to cell lines or mouse cells. Here, to establish a paradigm for multiplexed gene editing in primary human cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), we used co-delivery of lentiviral sgRNA vectors expressing either E

Circular RNAs to predict clinical outcome after cardiac arrest

Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) represents the third leading cause of death worldwide. Among patients resuscitated and admitted to hospital, death and severe neurological sequelae are frequent but difficult to predict. Blood biomarkers offer clinicians the potential to improve prognostication. Previous studies suggest that circulating non-coding RNAs constitute a reservoir of novel biomarkers. The

Laminar burning velocities and nitric oxide formation in premixed dimethyl ether/air flames : Experiments and kinetic modeling

Adiabatic laminar burning velocities and post-flame NO mole fractions for flat, non-stretched, premixed dimethyl ether/air flames were experimentally determined with a heat flux burner combined with laser-induced fluorescence diagnostics, over equivalence ratios ranging from 0.7 to 1.6, at atmospheric pressure and initial temperatures from 298 to 338 K. The present burning velocity measurements we

Development of a novel ex vivo model for chemical ocular toxicity assessment and its applicability for hair straightening products

This study developed an air-liquid interface (ALI) corneal model using explants bovine eyes for ocular toxicity assessment of ten chemicals and seven hair straightening mixtures. It was successfully maintained physiologically viable and normal for six days. Both eye damage (GHS cat. 1) and irritating (GHS cat. 2) chemicals induced corneal injury in our model. However, cat. 2 irritants triggered mo

Trypanocidal and cell swelling activity of 20-deoxysalinomycin

The naturally occurring polyether ionophore salinomycin was previously found to display promising anti-proliferative activity against bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei. Here, we report the evaluation of 20-deoxysalinomycin, a naturally occurring homolog to salinomycin, for trypanocidal and cell swelling activity. The concentration of 20-deoxysalinomycin required to reduce the growth rate of

Chromosome-scale genome assembly of the brown anole (Anolis sagrei), an emerging model species

Rapid technological improvements are democratizing access to high quality, chromosome-scale genome assemblies. No longer the domain of only the most highly studied model organisms, now non-traditional and emerging model species can be genome-enabled using a combination of sequencing technologies and assembly software. Consequently, old ideas built on sparse sampling across the tree of life have re

Stories of paediatric palliative care : a qualitative study exploring health care professionals’ understanding of the concept

Background: By sharing patient stories, health care professionals (HCPs) may communicate their attitudes, values and beliefs about caring and treatment. Previous qualitative research has shown that HCPs usually associate paediatric palliative care (PPC) with death or dying and that they find the concept challenging to understand and difficult to implement. Attending to HCPs’ stories may provide a

Interactions in the 2×2×2 factorial randomised clinical STEPCARE trial and the potential effects on conclusions : a protocol for a simulation study

Background: Randomised clinical trials with a factorial design may assess the effects of multiple interventions in the same population. Factorial trials are carried out under the assumption that the trial interventions have no interactions on outcomes. Here, we present a protocol for a simulation study investigating the consequences of different levels of interactions between the trial interventio

Evaluating new evacuation systems related to human behaviour using a situational awareness approach – A study of the implementation of evacuation elevators in an underground facility

Elevator evacuation is associated with several safety benefits and can be a cost-efficient evacuation strategy in many buildings or facilities. Despite the advantages, elevator evacuation is not yet a common strategy in the built environment. In this paper, a design strategy that allows the designer to consider information needs of evacuees when designing the information and guidance measures for

A study comparing outcomes between obese and nonobese patients with lumbar disc herniation undergoing surgery : a study of the Swedish National Quality Registry of 9979 patients

Background: This study aimed to evaluate whether an increasing grade of obesity is associated with inferior outcomes after lumbar disc herniation (LDH) surgery. Methods: We retrieved data from the Swedish register for spine surgery regarding patients aged 20–64 who underwent LDH surgery from 2006–2016 and had preoperative and one-year postoperative data. A total of 4156 patients were normal weight

Patient-oriented risk score for predicting death 1 year after myocardial infarction : the SweDen risk score

OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to derive, based on the SWEDEHEART registry, and validate, using the Western Denmark Heart registry, a patient-oriented risk score, the SweDen score, which could calculate the risk of 1-year mortality following a myocardial infarction (MI).METHODS: The factors included in the SweDen score were age, sex, smoking, diabetes, heart failure and statin use. These were chosen a pr

Young Age on Starting Prostate-specific Antigen Testing Is Associated with a Greater Reduction in Prostate Cancer Mortality : 24-Year Follow-up of the Göteborg Randomized Population-based Prostate Cancer Screening Trial

BACKGROUND: The risk of death from prostate cancer (PC) depends on age, but the age at which to start prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening remains uncertain.OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between risk reduction for PC mortality and age at first PSA screening.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The randomized Göteborg-1 trial invited men for biennial PSA screening between the ages of 50 a

Association of Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels with Prostate Cancer Risk in a Multiethnic Population : Stability over Time and Comparison with Polygenic Risk Score

BACKGROUND: Studies in men of European ancestry suggest prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a marker of early prostate cancer (PCa) development that may help to risk-stratify men earlier in life.METHODS: We examined PSA levels in men measured up to 10+ years before a PCa diagnosis in association with PCa risk in 2,245 cases and 2,203 controls of African American, Latino, Japanese, Native Hawaiian,

How Should Molecular Markers and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Be Used in the Early Detection of Prostate Cancer?

The literature gives limited data or guidance on how to select or combine biomarkers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the early detection of prostate cancer. We strongly recommend prospective studies large enough to address questions such as the properties of biomarkers in cases with high versus low Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System scores or the correlation between biomarkers and

Interim Results from the IMPACT Study : Evidence for Prostate-specific Antigen Screening in BRCA2 Mutation Carriers

Background: Mutations in BRCA2 cause a higher risk of early-onset aggressive prostate cancer (PrCa). The IMPACT study is evaluating targeted PrCa screening using prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) in men with germline BRCA1/2 mutations. Objective: To report the utility of PSA screening, PrCa incidence, positive predictive value of PSA, biopsy, and tumour characteristics after 3 yr of screening, by BR

Androgen deprivation therapy potentiates the efficacy of vascular targeted photodynamic therapy of prostate cancer xenografts

Purpose: WST11 vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) is a local ablation approach relying upon rapid, free radical-mediated destruction of tumor vasculature. A phase III trial showed that VTP significantly reduced disease progression when compared with active surveillance in patients with low-risk prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to identify a druggable pathway that could be combi

Vasectomy and prostate cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Purpose Vasectomy is a commonly used form of male sterilization, and some studies have suggested that it may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, including more aggressive forms of the disease. We investigated the prospective association of vasectomy with prostate cancer in a large European cohort, with a focus on high-grade and advanced-stage tumors, and death due to prostate