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Genom empiriska exempel från Danmark och Sverige diskuterar denna artikel hur den moderna, masstillverkade cykeln blev ett viktigt verktyg i händerna på en ny generation politiska ungdomar. Under mellankrigsåren (1918–1939) utgjorde de unga sig själva som en egen samhällsgrupp. För allra första gången i historien blev ungdomen nyckelaktörer på den politiska scenen och de tog med sig moderna former

Surface guidance systems enable patient positioning and motion monitoring without using ionising radiation. Surface Guided Radiation Therapy (SGRT) has therefore been widely adopted in radiation therapy in recent years, but guidelines on workflows and specific quality assurance (QA) are lacking. This ESTRO-ACROP guideline aims to give recommendations concerning SGRT roles and responsibilities and

Det är en myt, att de medeltida kalkmålningarna överkalkades vid reformationen. Myten lever, då det är en enkel förklaring till kontrasten mellan vitkalkade väggar och valv i exempelvis S:t Petri kyrka i Malmö och Krämarkapellets färgrika kalkmålningar i samma kyrka. Myten finner även stöd i en del litteratur och på hemsidor, trots att det är känt sedan 1800-talets slut att traditionen med kalkmålIt is a myth, that the medieval ecclesiastic wall-paintings were whitewashed during the Reformation. The myth lives on, as it is perceived as a simple explanation of the contrast between the white church walls and vaults at e.g. Saint Peter in Malmö and the colorful wall-paintings of the chapel of the vendors there. The myth also finds support in some literature and on webpages, although it has be

BACKGROUND: Physciosporin (PHY) is one of the potent anticancer lichen compound. Recently, PHY was shown to suppress colorectal cancer cell proliferation, motility, and tumorigenesis through novel mechanisms of action.PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of PHY on energy metabolism and tumorigenicity of the human breast cancer (BC) cells MCF-7 (estrogen and progesterone positive BC) and MDA-MB-231

Exposure to environmental pollutants is a major public health concern. This study investigated the inflammatory and tumorigenic effects of environmental pollutants (benzene, benzo[a]pyrene, cadmium, and diisononyl phthalate) on transformed A549 and H292 lung alveolar epithelial cells and non-transformed BEAS-2B lung bronchial epithelial cells. The cytotoxic effects of the pollutants were analyzed

BACKGROUND: Lichens, which represent symbiotic associations of fungi and algae, are potential sources of numerous natural products. Physciosporin (PHY) is a potent secondary metabolite found in lichens and was recently reported to inhibit the motility of lung cancer cells via novel mechanisms.PURPOSE: The present study investigated the anticancer potential of PHY on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.M

Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) is a cyclolignan compound that exerts anti-cancer effects against various types of cancers. DPT induces apoptosis and inhibits the growth of breast, brain, prostate, gastric, lung, and cervical tumors. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of DPT on cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, and tumorigenesis of three colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines: HT29, DL

Usnic acid (UA), a lichen secondary substance, has considerable anticancer activity in vitro, whereas its effect in vivo is limited. Here, potassium usnate (KU) was prepared by the salinization of UA to enhance its water solubility. KU showed increased bioavailability compared with UA in the tumor, liver, and plasma of a CT26 syngeneic mouse tumor xenograft model after oral administration, as dete

Heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone that activates oncogenic transformation in several solid tumors, including lung and breast cancers. Ganetespib, a most promising candidate among several HSP90 inhibitors under clinical trials, has entered Phase III clinical trials for cancer therapy. Despite numerous evidences validating HSP90 as a target of anticancer, there are few studies o

Lichens produce various unique chemicals that are used in the pharmaceutical industry. To screen for novel lichen secondary metabolites that inhibit the stemness potential of colorectal cancer cells, we tested acetone extracts of 11 lichen samples collected in Chile. Tumidulin, isolated from Niebla sp., reduced spheroid formation in CSC221, DLD1, and HT29 cells. In addition, mRNA expressions and p

BACKGROUND: Endolichenic fungi are microbes that inhabit the thalli of lichens and produce various unique chemicals that can be used for pharmaceutical purposes.PURPOSE: This study screened a library of endolichenic fungal extracts to identify novel anticancer agents capable of suppressing the tumorigenicity of human cancer cells.METHODS: Active compounds were isolated from extracts of endolicheni

In 1936, when the Provisional Agreement concerning the Status of Refugees coming from Germany was adopted, the same course was followed: the term refugee covered all persons coming from Germany. The definition of the term refugee was not established by the adoption of the 1967 Refugee Protocol, which created a more or less complete correspondence between the mandate of the UNHCR and treaty law. Fr

This chapter focuses on society's construction in normative terms and, thereby, tries to lay the foundation for a theory based on the strategy of anatomy applied to society. Anatomy is that part of biology that deals with how organisms are built. All living organisms consist of cells that are structured in different types of tissues, which, in turn, build up the organs. Society starts over again f

It is well known that Gaussian polynomials (i.e., q-binomials) describe the distribution of the [Formula presented] statistic on monotone paths in a rectangular grid. We introduce two new statistics, [Formula presented] and [Formula presented]; attach “ornaments” to the grid that scramble the values of [Formula presented] in specific fashion; and re-evaluate these statistics, in order to argue tha

Objective: Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease with motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. Non-motor symptoms like depression and altered social cognition are proposed to be caused by dysfunction of the hypothalamus. We measured the hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a cohort of HD gene expansion carriers (HDGECs), comp