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Some light beams rotate as they propagate. If it is not the polarization vector, but the phase structure that rotates, the beam is said to carry orbital angular momentum (OAM). Such beams exhibit a helical phase front, where the phase rotates around a symmetry center. Because the phase in the center is undefined (and the intensity there is therefore zero), it is often termed a phase singularity or
This work, framed in the IEA SHC Task 51 “Solar Energy in Urban Planning” presents an illustrative perspective of solar energy in urban planning through the analysis of 34 international case studies conducted in 10 countries. The aim here is to examine challenges, barriers and opportunities for active solar systems and passive solar strategies by taking into consideration interrelated technical an
Quantum field theories containing scalar fields with equal quantum numbers allow for a mixed kinetic term in the Lagrangian. It has been argued that this mixing must be taken into consideration when performing renormalization group (RG) analyses of such a theory. However, from the fact that scalar kinetic mixing does not correspond to a physical observable, we show that no extra parameters need to
The aim is to investigate associations between sexual orientation and experience of suicide thoughts and suicide attempts. The 2012 public health survey in Scania, southern Sweden, is a cross-sectional population-based study including 28,029 participants aged 18–80 with 51.7% participation. The associations between sexual orientation and experience of suicide thoughts and attempts were investigate
In a multicentre European hospital study we measured influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against A(H3N2) in 2016/17. Adjusted IVE was 17% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1 to 31) overall; 25% (95% CI: 2 to 43) among 65-79-year-olds and 13% (95% CI: -15 to 30) among those ≥ 80 years. As the A(H3N2) vaccine component has not changed for 2017/18, physicians and public health experts should be aware
The type of regional innovation system (RIS) strongly affects possibilities of paths of industrial transformation. This paper argues that traditional manufacturing districts, corresponding to specialized RISs and characterized by various nuclei of specialization and know-how, may foster different trajectories in combination with extra-regional networks. In particular, the paper analyses the interp
Nucleate pool boiling performance of two well-wetting liquids, i.e., acetone and HFE7200, on three nanoparticle-coatedsurfaces were experimentally studied and compared with that of the smoothsurface. Electrophoretic deposition was used to fabricate nano-porous surfaces.Surface roughness, static and advancing contact angles, capillarity of the smoothand coated surfaces were characterized. Compared
Films of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) confined in slit geometry between two flat diamond substrates down to a few tens of Angstroms are studied by combining X-ray reflectivity with in-plane and out-of-plane X-ray scattering. The confined films form a heterogeneous structure with coexisting regions of liquid and crystalline phases. The liquid phase shows short-range ordering normal to the surfac
Smallholder-based, sustainable, agricultural intensification is increasingly put forth as a development pathway that is necessary to improve farmer's livelihoods, enhance productivity and engender a surplus that can be used to feed growing urban areas across sub-Saharan Africa. The following article examines trends in yields for Africa's largest staple crop – maize – among smallholder farmers in s
In this work, comprehensive mathematical models for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) with three different controllers (PID, FOPID and fuzzy + PID) are developed. The models are designed to control the PEMFCs' output voltage at a determined value by indirectly regulating the input hydrogen mass flow rate. The simulation results show that the developed model is well suitable for characterizing
Insects in temperate areas spend the inhospitable winter conditions in a resting stage known as diapause. In species that diapause in the larval or pupal stage, the decision whether to diapause or develop directly is customarily taken during the late instars, with long days (i.e., long light phases) and high temperatures promoting direct development. Among butterflies that overwinter as adults, da
Objective: To evaluates the effect of food intake on 92 oncological biomarkers to evaluate whether the timing of blood sampling could be relevant. Twenty-two healthy subjects were investigated. A total of 92 biomarkers were measured before a standardised meal as well as 30 and 120 min afterwards with the Proseek Multiplex Oncology II kit. Results: The levels of 6 biomarkers decreased significantly
Background: This article examines the impact of parental death in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood on male and female age at marriage in the Netherlands in the period 1850–1940. It follows an interdisciplinary approach as it considers explanations based on social and demographic history and evolutionary biology.Objective: We study the classical historical framework in more detail by controlli
