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We review here the potential benefits of metabolic changes in carrots upon cold stress, a process known as cold acclimation, for the enhancement of quality upon freezing. The damaging action of a previous blanching operation is discussed and the alternative of using mild blanching treatments to minimise tissue damage is reviewed. Blanching treatments, aimed at inactivating enzymes near the surface

A seasonal forecasting technique to produce probabilistic and deterministic streamflow forecasts for 23 basins in Norway and northern Sweden is developed in this work. Large scale circulation and moisture fields, forecasted by the ECHAM4.5 model 4 months in advance, are used to forecast spring flows. The technique includes model output statistics (MOS) based on a non-linear Neural Network (NN) app

The hydrolytic specificity of the recombinant 20S proteasom from the deep-sea thermophile Methanococcus jannaschii was evaluated toward oxidized insulin B-chain across a range of temperatures (35degrees, 55degrees. 75degrees, and 90degreesC) and hydrostatic pressures (1, 250, 500, and 1,000 atm). Of the four temperatures considered, the same maximum overall hydrolysis rate was observed at both 55d

Moraxella catarrhalis immunoglobulin D (IgD)-binding protein (MID) is an outer membrane protein with specific affinity for soluble and cell-bound human IgD. Here, we demonstrate that mutated M. catarrhalis strains devoid of MID show a 75% decreased activation of human B cells as compared with wild-type bacteria. In contrast to MID-expressing Moraxella, the MID-deficient Moraxella mutants did not b

We studied the effect of kindling, a model of temporal lobe epilepsy, on the frequency-dependent information transfer from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus in vitro. In control rats repetitive synaptic activation of layer III projection cells resulted in a frequency dependent depression of the synaptic transfer of action potentials to the hippocampus. One-to-two-days after kindling this ef

The effects of an endurance flight on the haematocrit, the percentage of packed red blood cells per blood volume, were examined within the framework of six possible factors explaining possible changes in the haematocrit. Two approaches were adopted: (1) the haematocrit was studied in four species of passerine birds which landed on an Italian island after having crossed the Mediterranean Sea on the

A high-power (10 TW) laser is employed to generate relativistic channels in an underdense plasma. The lengths of the channels are measured by imaging the Thomson-scattered light, and the gas densities are determined through the forward Raman scattered light. The laser-pulse parameters are varied and their impact on the channel formation is studied. It is found that increasing the laser pulse durat

The underlying reasons for gender differences in smoking behavior, and thus for the recent trends, are not well understood. Using a sample of 8592 Swedish adolescents aged 15-18, this paper contributes to the literature by exploring gender differences in smoking risk perceptions and in the responses to the latter. The results show significant gender differences in the perception of smoking mortali

In this paper we examine health among breast cancer 5-year survivors. We raise two questions: (1) how do the health level of this survival group compare to the health level of the general population; and (2) how have the health levels among these survivors changed over time. We found that 5-year breast cancer survivors assess their health lower than the general population, and that having being di

While researchers have explored the relationship between customer orientation and innovativeness with business performance in different organisations, such studies in small-sized service retailers are scarce. This study investigates potential influences of these two variables on small-sized service retailer performance. Data for this study were collected through personal interviews from 174 Swiss

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a sensitive tool for examining all the structures involved in the osteoarthritis (OA) process. While much of the MRI literature previously focussed on cartilage, there is increasing research on whole-organ evaluation and including features such as synovitis, bone marrow edema, and meniscal and ligamentous pathology. The aim of this session at the Outcome M

The influence of intrinsic chain stiffness on surface forces in solutions containing semiflexible polymers is investigated with density functional theory. The solvent is included explicitly, but comparisons are also made with exact results obtained with ideal chains, in the absence of solvent particles. We find that as the intrinsic stiffness increases, the polymers are at intermediate separations

Anesthetized, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated pigs were hypoventilated to extreme hypercapnia (PaCO2 approximately 20 kPa) at FiO2 0.5, and allotted to receive hypothermia (approximately 31.5 degrees C) and buffer infusion, (HB-group, n = 6) or to a hypothermic control group (H-group, n = 6). The HB-group had higher arterial pH (7.34 vs 7.09, P < 0.01) and plasma bicarbonate (58.8 vs 35.4 mm

Little is known about the lipid composition of cold-adapted dinoflagellates. Here, we investigate Peridinium aciculiferum and Scrippsiella hangoei, two cold-adapted dinoflagellate morphospecies that present significant differences in general morphology, physiology and habitat, but which share identical ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences, indicating a recent evolutionary divergence between them. Despit

The ECL cells are endocrine/paracrine cells in the acid-producing part of the stomach. They secrete histamine in response to circulating gastrin. Gastric submucosal microdialysis has been used to study ECL-cell histamine mobilization in awake rats. In the present study we assess the usefulness and limitations of the technique. Microdialysis probes were implanted in the gastric submucosa. Histologi

We investigated patterns of allozyme variation in demes of the grass Briza media in semi-natural grassland fragments within a mosaic agricultural landscape on the Baltic island of Öland. In the study area, Briza is both a characteristic species of old pastures and an early colonizer of young grasslands developing on previously forested or arable sites. 2 Generalized linear models revealed that de