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There is uncertainty of how external factors will affect property development costs. Clarification and mapping of these external factors and how they impact the property development process is needed in order to gain insights into total development costs in the early stages of a project. The objective of the research reported in this paper is to understand the impact of external factors, for examp

The term ‘strategic use of procurement’ indicates that the procurement (also referred to as sustainable procurement) is about more than just saving money. Other important interests such as social and environmental considerations can be promoted through public procurement. Procurers can, according to newly proposed Directives on public procurement, make better use of public procurement in support o

This book brings into question the dichotomies inherent in the sociology of law. It is a journey in search of a method capable of taking us beyond the theoretical limitations imposed on socio-legal research by sharply defined divisions such as “law on the books” and “law in action”, “formal” and “informal law”, “facts” and “norms”, “form” and “substance”, “internal” and “external” legal cultures o

The focus of the presentation is on the individual’s comprehension of “citizenship”. Study and analysis of citizenship concerns a person’s co-operative interaction with various physical and social surroundings as well as the cognitive integration of these surroundings. A person can achieve this integration through development of his abilities of judgement. Thus the aim is to make apparent the kind

Metal cutting is a very common operation in the manufacturing industry. Drilling and other hole-making operations perhaps account for 50% of all metal cutting, according to some investigations. All metal cutting including drilling always produces burrs, as a by-product. Actually burrs are nothing but uncut metal at the beginning and at the end of the operations. Yet, despite burr's omnipresence in

Building on the idea of path-dependency, studies on agency autonomy typically assume that de facto autonomy is relatively stable over time within national politico-administrative contexts. This assumption is challenged in this paper, which maintains that de facto autonomy may just as well be understood as a state in constant flux. The paper highlights the limitations of historical institutionalism

The planning of facilities to improve the environment is often carried through in the form of locally based construction projects. These projects can be complex, involving a variety of issues and a number of different actors from both the public and private sectors. By drawing on previous research on project planning, an analytical model for analysing the issues connected with the planning and imp

Capability assessments are used in disaster risk management to facilitate decision making regarding capability increasing measures. Recent studies suggest that two factors might determine their usefulness for decision making: whether they include descriptions of an actor's available resources, and how well the actor can accomplish a specific task in case of a disaster. The experimental study prese

Minimizing the use of energy is a central task in sustainable building. Minimizing the use of natural resources and maximizing the recycling potential are other important tasks to take into consideration. In low-energy buildings, the embodied energy accounts for a considerable part of the total energy use of the building. Therefore, it is also imperative to pay attention to the choice of building

Circadian rhythms are ubiquitous in biological systems and regulate metabolic processes throughout the body. Misalliance of these circadian rhythms and the systems they regulate has a profound impact on hormone levels and increases risk of developing metabolic diseases. Melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, is one of the major signaling molecules used by the master circadian oscillato

TCF7L2 harbors the variant with the strongest effect on type 2 diabetes (T2D) identified to date, yet the molecular mechanism as to how variation in the gene increases the risk for developing T2D remains elusive. The phenotypic changes associated with the risk genotype suggest that T2D arises as a consequence of reduced islet mass and/or impaired function, and it has become clear that TCF7L2 plays

Objective:Type 1 diabetes and obesity has increased in childhood. We therefore tested the hypothesis that type 1 diabetes human leukocyte antigen DQ (HLA-DQ) risk genotypes may be associated with increased body mass index (BMI).Design:The type 1 diabetes high-risk HLA-DQ A1(*)05:01-B1(*)02:01/A1(*)03:01-B1(*)03:02 genotype along with lower risk DQ genotypes were determined at the time of clinical