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Neutrophils are our most numerous and deadly white blood cells and without them we would succumb quickly to infections by pathogens. The main mechanism that the neutrophils employ for our protection is phagocytosis, where they eat and enclose their target inside a membrane-bound organelle, the phagosome. Neutrophil phagosomes are highly dynamic entities, and a large amount of antimicrobial substan

Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a very aggressive solid tumor and is often widely metastasized by the time of diagnosis. Despite good response to the initial chemotherapy, SCLC cells often develop multidrug resistance to conventionally used chemotherapeutic drugs, which cause almost all SCLC tumors to relapse. The 5-year survival rate for patients with limited disease is around 20% while it is

Cardiovascular complications are frequent in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular death is the most common cause of death for these individuals. A region on chromosome 19 (19q13) has been indicated by several genome scans as a susceptibility locus for T2D or components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). This gene rich region contains the gene encoding muscle glycogen synthase (GYS1), earlier as

Celiac disease is a prevalent small bowel disease in children caused by permanent intolerance against gliadin, which is the alcohol-soluble fraction of the cereal protein gluten in wheat, rye and barley. Celiac disease is characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa leading to damage of villous structure and loss of absorptive surface. As a consequence

Risk stratification of patients with chronic kidney disease and atherosclerotic heart disease is crucial. Microalbuminuria (MA) is associated with an increased risk of kidney and cardiovascular (CV) death, especially in patients with diabetes. However, MA in many instances is not sensitive for disease outcome; for instance, not all diabetic patients with albuminuria progress to kidney failure, and

Gastrointestinal dysmotility is common, particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim of this thesis is to explore whether gastrointestinal dysmotility and endocrine secretion are interrelated, and how the symptoms manifest themselves in these patients. Patients with diabetes mellitus and gastrointestinal symptoms underwent gastric emptying scintigraphy, esophageal manometry and deep-

Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) is a new technique to study cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. The negatively charged contrast agent Gd-DTPA2-, injected intravenously, distributes in the cartilage inversely to the likewise negatively charged GAG. The GAG concentration is reflected by the MRI parameter T1 and the Gd-DTPA2- concentration by the MRI parameter R1 (R1=1/T

Capillary electrophoresis is characterised by high separation efficiency, applicability to a wide range of compounds, small sample and solvent consumption and simple instrumentation. To improve sensitivity using on-line absorbance detectors, which are hampered by the short optical path length, sample volumes in the microlitre range were concentrated to nanolitre volumes either off-line or on-line.

The aim of this thesis was to develop and test the feasibility of a dietary record routine, where nursing staff assess the patient’s food and fluid intake based on standardised portion sizes and household measurements. The energy intake (EI) was studied with a dietary record in 61 geriatric patients. During the 6-month follow-up 11 patients died and an EI below median (1378 kcal) was associated w

Popular Abstract in Icelandic Við könnumst flest öll við prótín (eggjahvítuefni) af innihaldslýsingu hvers kyns matvæla. En prótín eru annað og meira en bara orkugjafi. Prótín gegna fjölmörgum veigamiklum hlutverkum í nær öllum líffræðilegum ferlum. Þau hraða ýmsum efnahvörfum, flytja efni í gegnum frumuhimnur, aðstoða við boðskipti bæði innan og á milli fruma, og gegna mikilvægu hlutverki í starfAlthough organisms have evolved sophisticated cellular mechanisms for regulating their various protein networks, proteins sometimes start to clump together in an uncontrolled way. The aggregation of proteins has been associated with a range of serious diseases. In this thesis we develop and apply theoretical computer models to investigate different aspects of the aggregation process, and its under