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In this thesis, the consequences of introducing Yang-Mills fields into cosmology are investigated. This is done by the effective action approach, in which the coupling constant is allowed to depend on the quantum fields. The equation of state and scale factor are then found for the flat universe filled with either chromoelectric or chromomagnetic fields. From this, we draw conclusions about the hi
We have studied the geometry and electronic structure of the P-cluster in nitrogenase in four oxidation states: PN, P1+, P2+, and P3+. We have employed combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations, using two different density-functional theory methods, TPSS and B3LYP. The calculations confirm that the side chain of Ser-188 is most likely deprotonated in the partly oxid
Date of the seminar: May 23rd, 2018 Course: ENTN39 Master’s Corporate Entrepreneurship and Innovation Internship and degree project (Master’s thesis 15 ECTS) Authors: Matilda Ljudén & Maximilian Schmidt Supervisor: Joakim Winborg Examiner: Sotaro Shibayama Keywords: Front End Innovation, Idea Generation, Creativity, Knowledge, Knowledge Management, Innovation, Social Networks, Explorative In
Quantum phases can be classified by topological invariants, which take on discrete values capturing global information about the quantum state1–13. Over the past decades, these invariants have come to play a central role in describing matter, providing the foundation for understanding superfluids5, magnets6,7, the quantum Hall effect3,8, topological insulators9,10, Weyl semimetals11–13 and other p
We report fabrication and characterization of InAs nanowire devices with two closely placed parallel nanowires. The fabrication process we develop includes selective deposition of the nanowires with micron scale alignment onto predefined finger bottom gates using a polymer transfer technique. By tuning the double nanowire with the finger bottom gates, we observed the formation of parallel double q
Correlations that do not admit a deterministic explanation are a central feature of quantum theory and a key resource for quantum information processing. Identifying and certifying such correlations, however, remains a fundamental challenge. In this work, we advance on this problem by considering deterministic correlations in the prepare-and-measure scenario consistent with a wide range of communi
The study of electron motion in semiconductor billiards has elucidated our understanding of quantum interference and quantum chaos. The central assumption is that ionized donors generate only minor perturbations to the electron trajectories, which are determined by scattering from billiard walls. We use magnetoconductance fluctuations as a probe of the quantum interference and show that these fluc
We demonstrate an improved technique to precisely localize inhomogeneities in turbid media by means of reconstructing diffuse photon-density wave interference from time-resolved transmittance measurements applying the Fourier transform. This interference can also be obtained in the reverse mode, that is using a single source and combining the signals detected at several locations. This increases t
When new building systems are developed, these are often lightweight constructions with a periodical set of stiffeners, developed for use in load-bearing structures and dwellings. One of the main drawbacks of this type of building systems is the sound insulation, where flanking transmission is an important issue. A prediction model for flanking transmission of lightweight building structures is th
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a connective tissue disease where inflammatory activity affects several organ systems. An increased risk of cardiovascular disease has been identified in these patients, even after correction for traditional risk factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics in women with SLE in comparison to controls. Arteri
Dynamical diffraction effects in thin single crystals produce highly monochromatic parallel x-ray beams with a mutual separation of a few microns and a time delay of a few femtoseconds—the so-called echoes. This ultrafast diffraction effect is used at X-Ray Free Electron Lasers in self-seeding schemes to improve beam monochromaticity. Here, we present a coherent x-ray imaging measurement of echoes
Background: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) of kidney stones is losing ground to more expensive and invasive endoscopic treatments. Objective: This proof-of-concept project was initiated to develop artificial intelligence (AI)-augmented ESWL and to investigate the potential for machine learning to improve the efficacy of ESWL. Design, setting, and participants: Two-dimensional ultraso
The active manipulation of particle and cell trajectories in fluids by high-frequency standing surface acoustic waves (sSAW) allows to separate particles and cells systematically depending on their size and acoustic contrast. However, process technologies and biomedical applications usually operate with non-spherical particles, for which the prediction of acoustic forces is highly challenging and
The covid-19 pandemic was characterized by a series of variants of concern, different strains of SARS-CoV-2 which had a serious impact on transmission. One of these, denoted Omicron, dominated in early 2022 and caused covid-19 cases to soar. The increased transmission during the Omicron wave triggered hospitals to further strengthen airborne precautions. The reason for this surge in cases during O
