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The X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) with its subregions X-ray Absorption Near-edge Structure (XANES) and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) is a powerful tool for the structural analysis of materials, which is nowadays a standard component of research strategies in many fields. This review covers a wide range of topics related to its measurement and use: the origin of the fine
Kolhydratsystem så som alkylglycosider, cellulosa och cyklodextrin är miljövänliga förnybara material som används inom många områden i dagens samhälle; som bärare av aktiva substanser i läkemedelstabletter, matsmältningsfiber, papper, kosmetika och hygienartiklar för att nämna några. De är fasta substanser uppbyggda av molekyler ordnade i en viss struktur. Med tiden, och eventuell yttre påverkan, In the solid state, molecules are normally ordered in a specific structure. With time, and as a result of influence from the surroundings, solid materials can change their molecular and/or crystal structure and, as a consequence, obtain completely different properties. Water is particularly important in this respect. Adsorption of minuscule amounts of water from the atmosphere may have huge effect
Despite its long history, the Theory of Characteristic Modes has only been utilized in antenna design for perfect electric conductors. This is due to computational problems associated with dielectrics and magnetic materials. In particular, the symmetric form of the PMCHWT surface formulation for the Method of Moments (MoM) solves for both external (real) and internal (non-real) resonances of a str
Most of today’s materials show either high strength with low ductility, or relatively low strength combined with high ductility. It is strongly desired in the industry to obtain materials whose mechanical properties can display a combination of high strength and elongation. That is why the new concept of harmonic structure has been introduced recently. This structure consists of strong ultrafine g
Increasing extreme heat events in the tropics are creating dangerous environments in schools. There are limited data, however, on the extent of extreme heat in such classrooms and effective heat-mitigation strategies. This study presents the first long-term analysis of classroom temperatures in Ghanaian schools, measuring conditions in 16 classrooms in Accra over 389 days. It highlights the condit
Materials with heterogeneous microstructures architected across several scales are becoming increasingly popular in structural applications due to unique strength–ductility balance. One of the most popular 3D-architected structure designs is harmonic structure (HS) where soft coarse-grain (CG) islands are embedded in a hard continuous 3D skeleton of ultrafine grains (UFGs). In this work, a series
Mineral building materials suffer from weathering processes such as salt efflorescence, freeze-thaw cycling, and microbial colonization. All of these processes are linked to water (liquid and vapor) in the pore space. The degree of damage following these processes is heavily influenced by pore space properties such as porosity, pore size distribution, and pore connectivity. X-ray computed micro-to
1. In order to prove a copyright exception not contemplated in the Act but based on long-standing practice the defendant must show strong evidence that goes beyond a usual practice in the business.2. The use of a copyright-protected work even in a commercial or marketing context can be of such secondary importance that – notwithstanding that the rights holder has not permitted the use – it would nThe present article grapples with the concept of de minimis in European copyright law in light of the ruling by the Danish Supreme Court in Würtz v Coop Denmark. The article begins with a brief background of the case. The second section delves into the concept of de minimis and its origins and framing in European copyright law. The third section compares the concept to US legislation and case law
In this paper, pure paraffin was mixed with CuO (high thermal conductivity) and Span-80 (as a dispersant). The CuO/paraffin nanocomposite phase-change materials (PCMs) were synthesized with mass fractions of 0.3%, 0.6%, and 1.2%, by a two-step method. Heat-transfer characteristics of the heat-pipe-PCMs module and effects of fan power and heating power on the performance of the cooling module in a
Paperboard has been the basis for packaging materials used to aseptically store and protect food and beverages for a long time. To ensure that there are no bacteria that can spoil the product, sterilizing treatments are made. One such treatment is the retorting process, which involves heating to high temperatures in a pressurized environment of water vapor and dry air. The porous nature of paper m
Background: The occupational risk of COVID-19 may be different in the first versus second epidemic wave. Aim: To study whether employees in occupations that typically entail close contact with others were at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalisation during the first and second epidemic wave before and after 18 July 2020, in Norway. Methods: We included individuals in
We show that high harmonic generation driven by an intense near-infrared (IR) laser can be temporally controlled when an attosecond pulse train (APT) is used to ionize the generation medium, thereby replacing tunnel ionization as the first step in the well-known three-step model. New harmonics are formed when the ionization occurs at a well-defined time within the optical cycle of the IR field. Th
GenerationNano is a Marie-Curie Cofund doctoral programme offering exciting research at the forefront of nanoscience, full-time employment for four years, an international network of cooperation partners and a comprehensive course program. The 14 PhD students that were recruited to the programme had to fulfill the MSCA mobility requirements on top of the general and specific admission requirements
https://www.nano.lu.se/generationnano-admission-requirements - 2026-07-21
The spin-state of cytochrome b559 (Cyt b559) was studied in photosystem II (PSII) membrane fragments by low-temperature EPR spectroscopy. Treatment of the membranes with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) converts the native low-spin (LS) form of Cyt b559 to the high-spin (HS) form characterized with the g= 6.19 and g= 5.95 split signal. The HS Cyt b559 was pH dependent with the amplitu
The environmental impacts of landfills are associated mainly with the emission of leachate and biogas. Sanitary landfilling aims to stabilize the landfill in a efficient and controlled way, so that the environmental impacts are minimized. When a sanitary landfill has attained its final storage quality, it can be integrated into the environment. Both the presence and the flux of water play key role
Small-angle neutron scattering is used to study the exchange bias effect in Mn50Ni40Sn10. The martensitic transformation is found to be responsible for the nanometer-scale spin clusters (SCs) inside the low-temperature ferromagnetic (FM) martensite phase. The magnetic field dependences of the SCs and FM domains exhibit an asymmetry that characterizes the exchange bias. We find that the surface geo
