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This thesis is dedicated to the investigation of laser-plasma particle acceleration concepts. Some of the work was focused on improving electron and proton acceleration for future applications, in terms of maximizing the particle energy and minimizing the divergence of the X-ray beams. In laser wakefield acceleration, a very intense laser pulse (> 1018 W/cm2) is focused in a gas. The leading edge
Objective: Body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the risk could be very different for individuals with the same body mass. The present study explored whether regional fat distribution, as measured by waist-hip ratio (WHR), could modify the impact of BMI on the risk of CVD in men and women. Design: Prospective population-based study.
The general aim of this thesis was to study asymmetric activation of the neocortex in normal subjects, using the rCBF technique and different cognitive tasks. The aim was also to study individual and group variations of asymmetric activation, as well as factors pertaining to these variations. The thesis is based on four investigations. In the first investigation different visuo-spatial tasks were
Cognitively-normal people with evidence of β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology and subtle cognitive dysfunction are believed to be at high risk for progression to mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical trials in later stages of AD typically include a coprimary endpoint to demonstrate efficacy on both cognitive and functional assessments. Recent trials focus on cognitively-normal
Histidine (His) residues in proteins can attain three different protonation states at normal pH. This constitutes a prominent problem when adding protons to a protein crystal structure, e.g. in order to perform molecular simulations. Typically, the His protonation is deduced from the hydrogen-bond pattern in crystal structures. Here, we study whether it is possible to detect erroneous His protonat
Popular Abstract in Swedish Förbättrad bedömning av njurskador hos barn med urinvägsinfektioner Urinvägsinfektioner är vanliga och förekommer hos 1 - 4 % av alla barn. Urinvägsinfektion kan ge upphov till njurinflammation och ibland kvarstående njurskada (ärr) efter läkning. Det finns risk för fortskridande njurskada om det finns kvarstående njurskada efter en urinvägsinfektion, om barnet får uppThe aim of the present thesis was to define and evaluate a strategy for identification of children who are at risk of developing progressive renal lesions after acute pyelonephritis. Tc-DMSA renal scintigraphy is widely accepted as the most sensitive method for detecting parenchymal lesions and diagnosing acute pyelonephritis. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation standards were elaborated to i
The properties of the arterial vasculature depend to a large extent on the activities of smooth muscle cells, which, in turn, are determined by their extracellular environment. During pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis, this interaction is altered. In close proximity to medial smooth muscle cells are basement membrane components, such as different isoforms of laminin. These proteins
The interactions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with chemically cross-linked gels of ethyl(hydroxyethyl) cellulose (EHEC) were studied. Above the so-called critical association concentration (cac), binding of SDS gives rise to an increased swelling of the EHEC gels. The binding of SDS to the gels was measured with flame emission analysis of the sodium ion. The self-diffusion of the surfactant ion
The search for new cancer biomarkers is essential for fundamental research, diagnostics, as well as for patient treatment and monitoring. Whereas most cancer biomarkers are biomolecules, an increasing number of studies show that mechanical cues are promising biomarker candidates. Although cell deformability has been shown to be a possible cancer biomarker, cellular forces as cancer biomarkers have
We measured lung density by means of x-ray computed tomography and lung mechanics in 33 workers exposed to asbestos cement and in 39 normal subjects. The exposed group showed evidence of lung fibrosis with reduced static lung volumes and lung compliance, although only three subjects had signs of interstitial fibrosis at standard chest radiography. Lung density was significantly increased in the ex
Lean premixed turbulent methane-air flames have been investigated using direct numerical simulations (DNS) for different Karlovitz numbers (Ka), ranging from 65 to 3350. The flames are imposed to a high intensity small-scale turbulent environment, corresponding to high Ka conditions, and the effect on the flame structure is investigated during the transition from initial laminar flame to highly di
Computed tomography (CT) is often a justified diagnostic tool, but is also associated with high exposure of the patients. Due to the rapid increase in the number of CT units and thus the availability of CT examinations in Russia, there is a growing need for optimisation within this field. In order to develop proper optimisation procedures for CT, the two regions St. Petersburg and Belgorod of Russ
BIOB11 2025 Page 1 of 3 Department of Biology Education- Bachelor's and Master's level COURSE ANALYSIS Date 2025-11-03 Main Teacher: Iain Moodie Number of students: 40 Number of answers: 13 Grades: Course Analysis: Försöksdesign och analys för biologer, BIOB11, VT25 Summary of the course evaluation The feedback was generally positive, similar to previous years. There was an increase in students wh
PURPOSE: Hypoxia is one of the most important factors influencing clinical outcome after radiotherapy. Improved knowledge of factors affecting the levels and distribution of oxygen within a tumor is needed. The authors constructed a theoretical 3D model based on histological images to analyze the influence of vessel density and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration on the response to irradiation.METHODS:
The possibilities of the use of structural reliability analysis in concrete dam design and assessment is investigated in Sweden. For such analysis, statistical descriptions of the loads and resistances are necessary. Uplift pressure has a large impact on safety, and is difficult to quantify. This paper describes the methodology of a geostatistical approach to simulate the uplift pressure, and an e
This paper explores the concept of Value-at-Risk (VaR) through a comparative study of nonparametric and parametric models in order to find the best risk model for banks’ trading portfolios. The non-parametric methods consist of three different approaches: Simple Historical Simulation, Age Weighted Historical Simulation and Volatility Weighted Historical Simulation by means of the EWMA and GARCH mo
One of the most cited studies within the field of binary choice models is that of Klein and Spady (1993), in which the authors propose a semiparametric estimator for use when the distribution of the error term is unknown. However, although theoretically appealing, the estimator has been found to be difficult to implement, and therefore not very attractive from an applied point of view. The current
