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Popular Abstract in Swedish Studien handlar om tio elever i behov av särskilt stöd. Den förhärskande tanken inom det svenska utbildningsväsendet är att elever med funktionshinder ska integreras i den vanliga skolan. Undantag får emellertid göras och eleverna kan t.ex. få sin skolgång på ett skoldaghem. Det främsta syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur sju elever med skolgång på skolThis thesis concerns ten pupils in need of special support. The overriding principle governing the Swedish educational system today is that pupils with functional difficulties should be integrated into ordinary schools, but exceptions may be made and the pupils can attend a special day-school. The primary aim of the present thesis is to study the progress of seven students, attending special day-s

In 2000 the European Council agreed on the so called ‘Lisbon Strategy’, the purpose of which is to make the European Union the strongest and most competitive economy in the world and also to fight unemployment and secure social welfare systems. One year later, in 2001, an ‘environmental dimension’ was supplemented to the Lisbon Strategy at the Council meeting in Gothenburg. An ‘EU Strategy for Sus

Citizens are not born, they are made. Based on fieldwork in two upper-secondary school classes in Sweden – an Introductory Programme class and a Social Science Programme class – this dissertation focuses on how pupils form their identities as citizens in a democratic society. Citizens are made in interaction with the society they inhabit, an interaction where power is always present. Although Swed

If we are being-of-the-world, how can we ever avoid participation? From this question Avhandling / Av_handling (Dissertation / Through_ action) unfolds. It invites to engage in an ongoing continuum of entanglements, where the moment of connection is unavoidable. This invitation demands that we are attentive to our mutual co-constitutiveness, that we take responsibility for what gets excluded as we

This thesis makes a contribution to matching theory. It consists of five self-contained papers. It is a study predominately on the existence of stable outcomes. These are desirable both from a practical and a theoretical standpoint. Matching theory has grown in importance in recent years following its successful applications to, for instance, kidney exchange, the National Resident Matching Program

I DiskL regleras arbetsgivares möjligheter att beakta ålder i förhållande till arbetstagare och arbetssökande. Regleringen av arbetsgivarens handlingsutrymme har praktisk betydelse eftersom de flesta någon gång är aktiva på arbetsmarknaden och att ålder är universellt. Förbudet mot åldersdiskriminering beskär arbetsgivarens handlingsutrymme genom skyldigheten att inte beakta ålder vid beslut. SkylDiskL regulates the possibility for an employer to consider age in relation to workers and job seekers. The regulation of the employer's discretion has a practical importance because of the fact that everyone has an age, and that most people at some point participates in the labor market. The prohibition of age discrimination limits employer's discretion by restricting the use of the consi

Effects of carbon functionalization on the catalytic properties of the space underneath epitaxial graphene flakes on Ir(111) are investigated with Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy studies of oxygen hydrogenation. The 0.1 mbar oxygen atmosphere hosting O-intercalated graphene flakes was replaced with hydrogen pulses lasting 50 s each, triggering the water formation. Underneath prisChemical reactions confined to near atomic scales have many hypothesized applications. The demand for ever smaller electronical components with superior electric properties for example requires atoms to group in specific shapes that can only be cast in confined spaces. Biological cells are an example of confined reactions in the nature. Hence, in order to recreate those processes, to develop bette

This thesis aims at addressing the question of the representation of the Other within current dominant visual media. The Other, in the context of this thesis, refers to any minority community group identified as different from a certain dominant norm; depending on the context it could correspond to groups such as Women, Afro-Americans or Arabs. Here the group concerned will be the migrant, who hav

Genom digitaliseringen har nya skapandeformer introducerats. Sampling är en teknik som innebär att på musikområdet använda, spela in eller kopiera delar av verk för att använda dessa inslag i nya sammanhang. Denna skapandeform väcker intressanta frågeställningar om under vilka omständigheter ett sådant vidareutnyttjande kräver tillstånd från rättighetsägaren. Frågan är mer komplex än vad som kan uThrough the digitalization, new ways of creating music have been introduced. Sampling is one technique where parts of a musical work is used, taped or copied in order to be applied into new contexts. This method give rise to several interesting questions concerning under what circumstances such use demands a permission from the copyright owner. This specific issue is far more complex than one coul

Unga vuxna har länge varit särbehandlade i svensk straffrätt. Särbehandlingen sker i både straffmätning och val av påföljd. En av de allmänna uppfattningar som motiverar särbehandlingen är att ungdomar är omogna och har en outvecklad ansvarsförmåga. Särbehandlingen innebär att andra viktiga straffrättsliga principer och teorier sätts åt sidan för att ge plats åt ett mer humanistiskt tänk gällande Young offenders have for a long time been treated differently in the Swedish criminal law system. This particular treatment or juvenile reduction occurs in both the sentencing measure and the choice of penalty. One of the general opinions that motivate this specific treatment is that youths are immature and don't have a developed ability to be responsible. The juvenile reduction means that oth

I takt med ett ökat antal nationella, militära rymdstyrkor har frågan om de rättsliga gränserna för militär användning av yttre rymden (outer space) blivit allt mer relevant. Inget rymdrättsligt traktat har antagits eller trätt i kraft sedan 1984 och innebörden av ”fredliga ändamål” (peaceful purposes) i det nuvarande regelverket är därför av betydelse. Fortfarande finns ingen allmängiltig definitThe question of the legal boundaries on military uses of outer space is becoming more and more relevant through recent developments, for instance as the number of national space forces increases. Ever since 1984, no new space law treaty has been adopted or entered into force and the meaning of “peaceful purposes” as stipulated in the current framework is thus relevant. Still today, no authoritativ

Den fria bevisprövningen är den mest grundläggande principen i svensk bevisrätt. Det finns därför inget principiellt hinder mot så kallad karaktärsbevisning. Trots det är karaktärsbevisning alltjämt föremål för diskussion i den bevisrättsliga litteraturen. Den här uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka tillåtligheten och värdet av karaktärsbevisning i svensk rätt, både genom en deskriptiv undersökning The principle of free presentation and evaluation of evidence is the most fundamental principle in Swedish evidence law. Consequently, there are no general prohibitions against so called character evidence. Despite this, character evidence is a frequent object of discussion in evidence law literature. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the admissibility and value of character evidence in Swe

En följd av den nya lagen (2014:307) om straff för penningtvättsbrott har varit att ett flertal myndigheter, i diverse rapporter, riktat kritik mot att det råder brist på rättspraxis avseende straffvärdebedömningar i mål om penningtvättsbrott. Utöver dessa myndighetspublikationer är litteraturen om den straffrättsliga regleringen av penningtvättsbrott knapphändig. Det har därför varit av intresse

Entreprenader omsätter inte sällan stora mängder pengar, och pågår ofta över långa perioder. På grund av detta är det av särskild vikt att förstå vilka arbeten som omfattas av det ursprungliga kontraktet, och vilka som ska anses vara arbeten som entreprenören inte borde ha förutsett vid sin beräkning av anbudet. Vid sin anbudsberäkning utgår entreprenören ifrån det förfrågningsunderlag som beställConstruction contracts often involve large amounts of money and require that commitments are made over large periods of time. Because of this it is important to understand what work is covered by the initial contract, and what work is not covered since the contractor should not have foreseen such work when calculating its tender. The contractor uses the tender documents which the client has provid

I Marks & Spencer-domen slog EU-domstolen fast att det strider mot etableringsfriheten att inte tillåta gränsöverskridande förlustavdrag när förlusterna inte kan utnyttjas i det utländska dotterbolagets hemviststat, det vill säga när förlusterna är så kallade slutliga. Nyligen lämnade EU-domstolen förhandsavgöranden i de två svenska målen Holmen och Memira där Marks & Spencer-principen bekIn the Marks & Spencer judgment, the European Court of Justice ruled that it is against the freedom of establishment not to allow a parent company to deduct losses incurred by its non-resident subsidiary from its taxable profits, when the losses cannot be utilized in the foreign subsidiary’s state of resident. Recently, the European Court of Justice gave preliminary rulings in the two Swedish

#MeToo became in 2017 a strong and successful movement in Sweden where women exercised their freedom of expression to question structural injustice and men’s sexual violence against women. The movement broke the silence and stigma about being victim of men’s sexual violence and helped fight impunity. However, some of the #MeToo women in Sweden who told their stories also pointed out their perpetra

Fire and grazing, a disaster or opportunity? Due to climate change, disturbances such as forest fires are expected to see an increase in frequency in the 21st century. Fires can increase species diversity since it can create habitats for early successional species. At least if it does not happen too often. Imagine living in a house that burns down every year, it would not be a very nice place to

Induced Cell Aging by Radiation Aging is a natural phenomenon that affects almost all living organisms and brings with it an array of disease. In humans, aging is in part due to shortening of one’s telomeres. Telomeres are sequences of DNA at the end of our chromosomes that do not code for any genetic information. Thus, they can serve as protection, non-coding DNA taking damage that would otherwi

Lysosomes are cell organelles in charge of degradation. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) causes the leakage of cathepsins and other digestive enzymes into the cytosol from lysosomal cavities. This usually causes the initiation of cell death. LMP can be triggered by many stimuli and this could potentially be used in new therapeutic approaches for removing cancer cells. However, excessive L

Det hör till ovanligheten att arrende upphör att gälla till följd av förverkande. Reglerna om förverkande har högt ställda krav på överträdelse för att sådant yrkande ska bifallas. De i 8 kap. 23 § JB uppradade förverkandegrunderna får vid överträdelse inte vara av ringa betydelse och övriga grunder som stödjer yrkandet om förverkande ska vara av synnerlig vikt för jordägaren. Utöver de högt ställLeaseholds that ceases due to forfeiture rarely happens. In order to successfully claim the cease of leasehold due to forfeiture, the violation needs to be significant. Swedish Land and Cadastral Legislation (Land Code) contains the grounds of forfeiture and it also states that the matter needs to be more than minor importance. The general clause, which means a violation not directly stated in the