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Male cancer survivors (MCS) are at risk of suffering from impaired fertility. Male fertility is dependant on sperm DNA quality. The Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) reflects the proportion of sperm with poor DNA, the DNA fragmentation index, DFI. A high DFI indicates reduced in vivo fertility and the need of ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection) to achieve pregnancy. A concern with ICSI, i
Popular AbstractSyftet med avhandlingen är att undersöka på vilket sätt teater med ungdomar, enligt ungdomarnas egna erfarenheter och utsagor om det, utgör en kollektiv bildningsprocess. I avhandlingens syfte ingår att analysera hur en teaterföreställning växer fram och att skapa förståelse för vad som sker mellan olika aktörer, främst mellan ungdomar och ledare.Forskningsfenomenet, unga människorThe objective of this research project is to investigate in what way young people's theatre playing, according to their own experiences, constitute a collective educational process. Also, the project aims at understanding the interaction between the different actors, and particularly between the young amateurs and their leaders. Young people's acting in this research project is understood from a p
I investigated the bacterial utilization of terrestrially derived dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in aquatic ecosystems, and assessed the potential role of river-born DON in marine eutrophication. To determine the bioavailability of DON, I developed a bioassay employing N-limited bacterial regrowth cultures, which were calibrated with additions of inorganic nitrogen. I found that between 2 and 72
Cancer is a disease that will affect most of us during a lifetime. Although the survival of cancer patients has incresed due to better treatment and earlier diagnosis, the prevalance of the disease is still increasing. This increase in the number of cancer cases diagnosed will impose a challenge to the cancer care and higher costs for socitey. Personalized medicine aims at reducing these costs whi
Popular Abstract in SwedishVad är åldrande? När började man över huvud taget tala om ”åldrande”? När fick ordet ”pensionär” den betydelse vi är vana vid idag? I Åldrandet och språket studeras ord och uttryck för att ringa in vad man har menat med hög ålder och åldrande i Sverige under hundraårsperioden mellan 1875 och 1975. Frågor kring hög ålder och åldrande har stor aktualitet idag. I Sverige ocThis thesis analyses how old age and ageing were manifested and understood in Sweden from approximately 1875 to 1975. It thus aims to provide historical background to current debate about for instance the retirement age and how to best care for the elderly. Encyclopaedia entries from both the beginning and the end of this period describe ageing as a medical process of physical decline. Since much
This thesis consists of four self-contained articles, all of which contribute to the empirical research on credit ratings. Broadly speaking, the first two papers highlight two less ordinary “uses” of credit ratings, in the context of (1) measuring financial constraints and (2) bond market segmentation. The last two papers focus on a relatively new concept in the credit ratings’ literature, specifi
Oslo has until now been divided into the west and east, separated by categories of economic and social class as well as a physical barrier, the river, Akerselva. The west predominantly represents people of middle to upper class, whereas the east represents the middle to lower class people. This division has been formed throughout history, as the river that separates Oslo has been home to industry,
Popular Abstract in Swedish Trastsångarnas MHC gener i klarspråk Inuti kroppen ser vi väldigt lika ut allihop; men om mina njurar skulle sluta att fungera är det inte alls säkert att just du kan donera en njure till mig. Detta beror på att våra transplantations-gener eller s.k. MHC- (Major Histocompatibility Complex) gener är olika, och vid en transplantation måste många av donatorns och mottagarIn vertebrates the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) plays a central role in the specific immune defence against various pathogens. Compared with other coding genes the MHC genes exhibit an extremely high level of polymorphism that is maintained by balancing selection. The importance in the immune defence and the polymorphism make these genes interesting to study from an ecological and evolut
In hybrid zones genetically differentiated populations meet and interbreed. As they result from ongoing divergence and potential speciation, such zones provide opportunities to study how different factors affect this process. The hybrid zone between the all black carrion crow (Corvus corone corone) and the grey and black hooded crow (Corvus c. cornix) stretches c. 2400 km throughout Europe. I have
The dissertation can be divided into two parts, the first of which is a detailed analysis of three excavations concerning Mellanbyn in southern Malmö. In the second part I study the more general development of society, relating Mellanbyn to the surrounding area as well as to the region as a whole during Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. The aim can be summed up as being to study the developm
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling handlar om hur företag visar, och kan visa, miljöhänsyn vid upphandling av godstransporttjänster. Transporter är en starkt bidragande, och växande, faktor till många miljöproblem såsom den förstärkta växthuseffekten och hälsofarliga partiklar i luften. Behovet av transporter ökar ständigt till följd av exempelvis lokalisering av produktion till låglöneThe logistical activity of transport is one of the largest contributors to several environmental problems. One efficient and effective way to decrease the environmental impact from transports is to implement changes in the logistically related strategies and activities applied, such as the selection of transport suppliers. Consideration of the environmental aspect when purchasing transport servic
Lack of carbon has been assumed to be the most common limiting factor for bacterial growth in soil, although there are reports of limitation by nitrogen and phosphorus. I have studied nutrient limitation of bacterial growth in soil using a novel technique, where thymidine or leucine incorporation is used to detect changes in growth rates after adding nutrients. I have studied which nutrient(s) li
Popular Abstract in Swedish Stora förändringar har skett i jordbrukslandskapet under det senaste drygt halva århundradet. Ett allt intensivare jordbruk med krav på större skördar för att möta en allt större efterfrågan på livsmedel har satt sina spår. För att klara de högre kraven, men också som en följd av den teknologiska utvecklingen, så har jordbruket rationaliserats. Landskapet har strukturerAgricultural intensification has caused severe declines among biodiversity in European farmland over the last half century. The transformation of the agricultural landscape has led to reduced availability of key resources such as food, nesting habitat and shelter. In this thesis I have investigated a way of ameliorating the negative effects of agricultural intensification, through the creation of
Popular Abstract in Swedish Brukandet av jordbrukslandskapet har förändrats dramatisk under det senaste århundradet. Det tidigare mosaikartade landskapet, med en blandning av små åkrar, ängar, hagar och våtmarker, har idag i många områden ersatts av ett likformigt landskap som domineras av vidsträckta åkrar. Samtidigt har användandet av konstgödsel och kemiska bekämpningsmedel ökat. Tillsammans meDeclines in the distribution and abundance of many farmland species during recent decades have been attributed to agricultural intensification. Agri-environment schemes are commonly used in Europe to reduce this loss of farmland biodiversity, but their effectiveness may depend on several external factors. In this thesis, I have used one such scheme, organic faming, as a landscape scale experiment
The only proven genetic risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an inherited Z (Glu342¡úLys) deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), a major inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. In vivo, AAT is found in both native (inhibitory) and modified (non-inhibitory) forms. There is now increasing evidence that the different forms of AAT may exhibit biological activities independent of
Popular Abstract in Swedish När vi tänker på skönlitteraturen får den gärna en drömmande klang som för tankarna till främmande platser långt borta från vardagen. Samtidigt kan skönlitteraturen måla upp slående bilder av världen och övertygande sätta in politiska och kulturella frågor i ett större meningsfullt sammanhang. Ingenstans blir detta tydligare än i Brands skönlitteratur. I det ungsocialisThis study delves into the relationship between fiction and politics, aesthetic and ethical messages conveyed by the fictions of Brand (Fire), the journal of the Young Socialist Association, founded as the Social Democratic Labour Party’s first youth association. The literary and aesthetic arena allowed many different kinds of ideas and thoughts to flourish, making Brand an important cultural pape
Mikrober finns överallt, runt omkring oss i vår miljö och inuti våra kroppar. De som lever tillsammans med djur har mycket stor påverkan på värdens hälsa och evolutionära fitness. Från ett djurs perspektiv är vissa mikrober goda, andra onda, och vissa har ingen större påverkan på hälsan, men egentligen beror dessa egenskaper på sammanhanget, eftersom det är vanligt att mikrober byter strategi tillThe microbes living inside hosts have highly important consequences for host health and fitness. From the host’s perspective, some microbes exhibit mutualistic tendencies, others parasitic, and some commensal, but this is context-dependent and opportunistic lifestyles are widespread in nature. Our knowledge of how hosts interact molecularly with different microbes is, however, poor, and little res
Environmental management in the City Tunnel Project was a three-year, sociology of law research project (1999-2003) on how the new Environmental Code was applied to one of the largest infrastructural projects in Sweden: the City Tunnel in Malmö. The aim of this article is, after some years, to reflect on and re-examine what happened during the two extended consultations processes to try to find an
ABSTRACT Questa tesi è dedicata alla specialità del linguaggio giuridico italiano. Ho ritenuto di dover distinguere tra una specialità necessaria ed una specialità non necessaria del linguaggio giuridico: la prima si colloca a livello lessicale (dove è indubitabile che il giurista non possa fare a meno di ricorrere a termini tecnici che servono a descrivere la molteplicità delle relazioni tra fat
