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Behovet av hållbara lösningar blir alltmer akut i dagens samhälle, vilket ställer höga krav på vår infrastruktur och dess miljöpåverkan. Det svenska järnvägsnätet uppfyller inte de framtida kraven, och hårda ekonomiska ramar kräver tids- och kostnadsbesparingar för nya infrastrukturprojekt. Vår rapport undersöker hur planeringen av ett höghastighetsspår kan effektiviseras, med fokus på optimering The need for sustainability is increasingly pressing, imposing significant demands on infrastructure and its fossil footprint. The Swedish railway network currently fails to meet future requirements, while new high-speed rail lines struggle to be established. Tight economic constraints necessitate significant time and cost savings to ensure successful project implementation. To take a step closer

The purpose of this essay was to contribute to an increased understanding about battered women. We also wanted to find patterns and explanations as to why the women acted as they did. The questions asked were: - Why didn't the women leave the men after the first abuse? - Why did the women accept the abuse? - What makes the women choose the same kind of men over and over again? "Love on wh

I stygnen i våra kläder kan man ofta finna spår av barnarbete. Klädindustrin i Bangladesh är landets största exportsektor. Det är också den sektor där överträdelser av de mänskliga rättigheterna sker dagligen i förhållande till barnarbete. Olyckor i textilfabriker runt om i landet har orsakat flertalet dödsfall, vilket även tagit situationen gällande landets arbetsrättsliga förhållanden samt använIn the stitches of our clothes one can often find traces of child labour. The garment industry in Bangladesh is the country’s largest export sector. It is also a sector where sever human rights violations take place on a daily basis in relation to child labour. Accidents in textile factories in the country causing numerous deaths relatively recently brought the situation of working conditions to t

In 2018, images of migrant children held in cages and sleeping on concrete floors while being held in immigration detention in the United States shocked the world. Within the framework of the zero tolerance policy on immigration mandated by President Trump, thousands of families have been separated at the border. The trauma borne out of these separations was purposefully capitalized upon to serve

Abstract The unprecedented fast-changing environment, embracing new information, manufacturing and process technologies in the context of the increasing globalisation of product and service market has had significant effect on the nature of work and subsequently affected career management of employees. Organizations today embark on many changes internally and externally in order to strengthen ther

We report highly surface sensitive core-level photoelectron spectra of small carboxylic acids (formic, acetic and butyric acid) and their respective carboxylate conjugate base forms (formate, acetate and butyrate) in aqueous solution. The relative surface propensity of the carboxylic acids and carboxylates is obtained by monitoring their respective C1s signal intensities from a solution in which t

An increase in hip fracture incidence during the recent half-century has been reported worldwide and has been predicted to continue. Recent publications, however, have reported stable or even decreasing hip fracture incidence. No reports evaluate whether these changes in hip fracture incidence are associated with changes in bone mineral density (BMD), if they apply in both urban and rural settings

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia among patients scheduled for open heart surgery and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. According to international guidelines, symptomatic and selected asymptomatic patients should be offered concomitant surgical AF ablation in conjunction with valvular or coronary surgery. The gold standard in AF surgery is the Cox Maze III ("cut-a

We investigate the prognostic significance of the pro-angiogenic cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and S-phase fraction (SPF) for distant disease free survival (DDFS) in 219 premenopausal patients with node-negative breast cancer (NNBC). In univariate analysis significantly shorter DDFS was obs

Popular Abstract in English Fuel cells have been considered as alternative power source to petroleum oil. Especially, fuel cells have potentials to provide no pollutant emission (e.g., CO2, NOx, SOx) out of the power generation. For instance, once the fuel cells are installed instead of combustion engine in the cars used for commuting, transportation and leisure, the amount of pollutant emission cFuel cells are considered as a promising alternative environmentally benign power source to the existing ones depending on petroleum oil. Especially, proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been intensively developed during the last decade because of their wide application windows including various portable, stationary and transportation applications. The market has been and will be main

Economic sanctions are defined as the exercise of pressure by one state to produce a change in the political behaviour of another state. Traditional economic sanctions are directed at the entire population of a state whilst targeted sanctions are directed at a state’s individuals. This thesis discusses the application of economic sanctions against Iran by the UN, the EU and the United States. Econ

Innovation is a popular concept among organizational researchers, all of whom tend to share a common consensus that it is highly important for organizational effectiveness. Furthermore, whether theoretically or conceptually presented, innovation has been widely described and argued as something which organizations can control and manage with a view to increase their levels of competitiveness. Howe

Today, 14 years have gone since the whole world turned their backs on Rwanda, the small country in East Africa, during a time when its population needed us the most. These were the same nations that already after the Second World War had made a promise about ''Never Again'', then meaning that they would never again allow another attempt to exterminate an entire ethnic group. It was

In gas turbine engine, nickel base alloy, such as Alloy 718, accounts for almost half of the total material requirement. Nickel-base superalloys are used for gas turbine components mainly because of their outstanding strength and resistance to oxidation at high temperatures (> 550°C). The massive cost involved with the machining of nickel alloys has driven continued research and development of cut

Complete wetting is crucial for efficient recombination of powders. On the powder bed scale, wetting is governed solely by capillary forces and the resistance to flow, i.e. spontaneous imbibition. Slow or incomplete imbibition of the powder bed may lead to gelling of the liquid front, which will stop the recombination process and cause the formation of lumps, which is usually undesirable. In this

Objective—To determine medium-term outcome after arterial switch operation for complete transposition in a population-based cohort.Design—Retrospective study of all 86 patients operated on at our institution from 1982 to 2000. Age at operation was 0-256 days (median 6 days); 28 (32%) had closure of a ventricular septal defect, 2 of whom had double outlet right ventricle. Additional surgery include

The concept of sharing is commonly employed in brand narratives of platform-based start-ups to recruit users. This paper examines sharing as a brand ideology and how it is enacted by companies in the startup phase of business. As the sharing start-ups’ business model is dependent on transaction fees generated on the platforms, traction (i.e. a high volume of users) is critical for success. By anal

The European pulp and paper industry (PPI) directly emits 31.9 Mton CO2 (2016) and indirectly 12.3 and 5 Mton CO2 from purchased electricity and transport respectively. It also accounts for 68 Mton of biogenic CO2 emissions. The PPI is a mature industry with overall stagnating market demand in the past ten years and relatively high levels of recycling. Forest countries like Sweden and Finland domi

This work represents a critical re-examination of the application of dynamic light scattering (DLS)–based tracer particle microrheology to measure the zero shear viscosity of aqueous solutions of different proteins up to very high concentrations. It is demonstrated that a combination of surface-functionalized tracer particles, the use of the so-called 3D-DLS technique, and carefully chosen paramet

Objective. To evaluate the prognostic impact of cytogenetic findings in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients and methods. Tumour cytogenetics, histomorphology, DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction, stage, size, and grade were related to survival in 50 consecutive patients with RCC. The mean follow-up was 3.9 years (median 4.2. range 0-8.8). Results. The predictive probability for recurrence-free surviv