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Studiens målsättning har varit att ur ett energibesparingsperspektiv samt ekonomiskt perspektiv utvärdera termostatiska cirkulationsventiler (termiska ventiler) som används i varmvattencirkulation (VVC). De frågeställningar som belystes i studien var hur värmeförluster från VVC med termiska respektive fasta ventiler varierar, om det är ekonomiskt lönsamt att installera termiska ventiler jämfört meThe study's objective was, from an energy-saving and economical perspective, evaluate thermostatic circulation valves (thermal valves) used in hot water circulation (HWC). The issues that have been highlighted in the study were how the heat losses from HWC with thermal valves varies from HWC with fixed valves, whether it is economically viable to install thermal valves compared to fixed valves

Efterfrågan på nybyggnation och behovet av infrastruktursatsningar är en ständig och stor uppgift som kommuner och andra myndigheter arbetar med. Stora krav ställs på att samhällsplaneringen ska ske utifrån ett långsiktigt hållbart perspektiv. Att intensiva och omfattande regn har blivit allt vanligare på senare tid resulterar i att samhällsplaneringen måste anpassas därefter, och flödesanalyser oThe government and municipalities of Sweden are responsible for the huge task of meeting the need of constructional and infrastructural investments. While planning and managing the land they are required to do so with long term perspectives. As intense and voluminous downpours have become common lately, the city planning and land management have to be adapted to this, which leads to flow analyses

With the evolution of cartography from hand-drawn to digital maps, the task of icon placement has become increasingly complex. Nowadays there is a need to automate this process to produce high quality results in less time. This study aimed to optimize icon placement on city wayfinding maps, addressing challenges of placing icons in high-density areas and maintaining a strong association between ic

The decline of bees, such as bumblebees, over the last decades raises concerns as they are key pollinators in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. One proposed cause for the decline of wild bees is competition for food resources with managed honeybees. Detrimental effects of competition can result where co-existing species exhibit a high degree of shared resource use (i.e., niche overlap). Th

Det är endast svenska medborgare som innehar en ovillkorlig rätt att vistas i Sverige. Motsatsvis åtnjuter utländska medborgare inte denna rättighet. Om en utlänning begår brott innanför Sveriges gränser kan denne, vid sidan av brottspåföljden, även utvisas ifrån riket kombinerat med ett återreseförbud som varar en viss tid eller livstid. Utvisning är således inte en brottspåföljd i lagens mening,Only Swedish citizens have an unconditional right to reside in Sweden. Conversely, foreign nationals do not enjoy this right. If a foreigner commits a crime within the borders of Sweden, they may, in addition to the criminal penalty, also be deported from the country, combined with a re-entry ban lasting a certain period of time or a lifetime. Deportation is thus not considered a criminal penalty

Undervattenskablar och deras status inom folkrätten är mer aktuellt än någon- sin. Under de senaste åren har kabelbrott i Östersjön skapat rubriker runt om i världen och aktualiserat såväl deras skydd inom folkrätten som tänkbara åt- gärder som respons på kabelbrott. En tänkbar åtgärd mot kabelbrott finns i ar- tikel 51 i FN-stadgan, som ger stater rätt att agera i självförsvar om de utsätts för e

Phytophagous insects, comprising over half a million species, depend on plants for survival and are broadly categorised as specialists or generalists based on the range of host plants they exploit. Host plant selection is shaped by environmental factors, such as local plant availability, and ecological pressures, including competition and predation. While patterns of specialisation and generalisat

Denna uppsats utreder vad samhällskontraktet är enligt Thomas Hobbes och John Lockes olika teorier. Den undersöker också möjligheten att lämna samhällskontraktet och om det idag finns exempel på grupper som försöker lämna det. Samhällskontraktsteorin är en rättsfilosofisk teori som försöker besvara frågan varför människor underkastar sig någon annan när de från början är fria människor. Hobbes ochThis essay examines what the social contract is according to Thomas Hobbes and John Locke’s different theories. It also examines the possibility of leaving the social contract and if there groups that are trying to leave the contract currently exist. The social contract theory is a legal philosophical theory that tries to answer the question of why humans submit to another when they originally are

Denna uppsats berör ämnena allmän rättslära i kombination med straffrätt. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utifrån rättsfallet NJA 2003 s. 361 diskutera hur tolkningsproblem uppstår när prejudikat ska tillämpas på andra liknande fall. Rättsfallet behandlar frågan om innehav av narkotika utan den tilltalades kännedom, vilket i detta fall ledde till en friande dom. Tolkningsproblemen diskuteras genom en This essay addresses legal philosophy in combination with criminal law. The paper aims to discuss various issues regarding the interpretation based on a precedent from the Supreme Court of Sweden, NJA 2003 s. 361, and how these issues arise when the precedent is used as guidance in other similar cases. NJA 2003 s. 361 concerns the possession of narcotics when the holder does not understand that it

This thesis is ultimately concerned with a natural and optimal generalization of the familiar Bell state measurement on four basis states. Measurements in quantum mechanics are interactive processes, meaning the observer actively changes the state they extract information from. Different measurements differ in the degree of the disturbance induced, and in the amount and type of information gained.

The scramjet engine is an air-breathing engine that can be used to travel at supersonic speeds. Research is being done into how these engines can be used as reusable launch vehicles for space travel, missile propulsion, and many hope one day scramjets can be used for commercial flight. Scramjets are highly beneficial in the sense that hydrogen is the primary fuel and that manufacturing is simple c

Introduction: The forest industry might not be the first thing to come to mind when thinking of chemistry, but the analysis of cooking chemicals in wood pulping involves many laboratory methods. Background: The chemical recovery cycle is an integral part of the Kraft process, which makes laboratory analyses of different steps of the process necessary. In the recovery boiler, sulfur is reduced to

Background: Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a hereditary disease that affects the connective tissue of the body. Common symptoms include stretchy and frail skin, hypermobility, joint pain and chronic fatigue, although the disease is associated with many more symptoms. Because of this, the disease often remains un- or misdiagnosed. The interactions between patients with EDS and healthcare professio

Background: In recent years, Sweden, together with the rest of the world, has faced an increased demand of the primary healthcare (PHC), due to a growing and aging population. Innovation has been pointed out as a tool aiding PHC to meet new challenges. Included in the concept of innovation is organizational innovation and innovation facilitating culture. The prior being one type of innovation whil

During migration birds are exposed to several challenges, one of these are the potential threat of getting oxidative stressed. Oxidative stress can be defined as when free radicals are produced in a vastly amount so antioxidants cannot detoxify them. This is the case at higher metabolic rate such as migratory flight, and probably during hyperphagia at stop-over. The aim of this paper was to invest

Businesses today face significant challenges in sustaining themselves amidst intense competitive pressures. In this context, strategic positioning and differentiation strategies are fundamental for companies seeking to set themselves apart and gain a competitive edge. This study focuses on how consumer brands in highly competitive markets, leverage these strategies to achieve a Sustainable Competi

Annual cropping systems dominate agricultural grain production, but have been linked to several key environmental issues, such as loss of biodiversity and pollution of groundwater. Newly developed perennial grains may offer solutions to some of those problems. Their longer roots and growing seasons theoretically enable them to act as sinks of atmospheric carbon. This study set out to compare soil-

Vi kan idag se en ökande urbanisering i världen, 2018 bodde 53% av jordens befolkning i städer, en siffra som väntas öka till 60% till år 2030. Samtidigt mänsklighetens utsläpp av växthusgaser gett upphov till ökade temperaturer, som i sin tur leder till förändrade nederbördsmönster, vilka manifesteras i form av bland annat extrema regn. Detta har lett till ett ökat behov av att göra städer mer håThere is an increasing urbanization taking place in the world today, in 2018, 53% of the global population lived in cities, a figure that is expected to rise to 60% by 2030. At the same time, anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gasses give rise to increasing temperatures, which in turn lead to changed precipitation patterns, which manifest in the form of extreme rain events among other phenomena

Det har funnits expertskatteregler i Sverige sedan 2001. Reglerna ger vissa utländska personer möjlighet till skattelättnader i syfte att göra det mer attraktivt för högkvalificerade arbetstagare att flytta till Sverige. Reglerna har sedan införandet kritiserats för att vara oförutsebara, vilket försvårar deras användning som rekryteringsverktyg. För att hantera detta problem utökades reglerna undExpert tax rules have been in place in Sweden since 2001. The rules give certain foreigners the possibility of tax relief to make it more attractive for highly skilled workers to move to Sweden. Since their introduction, the rules have been criticized for being unpredictable, making them difficult to use as a recruitment tool. To address this problem, the rules were extended in 2012, but the probl