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The aim achieved through this thesis was to ascertain how much the pollutions of black carbon (BC) from each European country systematically deviate from their expected values obtained by inverting a transport model. The model used is based on meteorological observations as well as black carbon values obtained in the past at different locations. It was achieved by fitting a linear regression model
Before electronic products reach the market, Functional Circuit Testing (FCT) is an essential process to ensure performance and reliability. Traditional FCT requires developing dedicated testing firmware for each batch of products, which increases both development costs and time. This thesis proposes a testing method based on Boundary Scan, provides an alternative that eliminates the need for firm
Det finns brister gällande tillgängligheten och delaktigheten för alla när det kommer till den allmänna kollektivtrafiken. Personer med funktionsnedsättning exkluderas på så sätt att de möts av barriärer och hinder som exempelvis stora avstånd mellan hållplatslägen, höjdskillnader och obekväm väntetid. Variationen av barriärer är stora och hur de vidare upplevs och skapar hinder. Trots utförda tiThere are flaws when it comes to accessibility and participation for all people when it comes to public transportation. People with disabilities are sometimes excluded when it comes to dealing with barriers and obstacles, for example large distances between stops, height differences and uncomfortable waiting periods. The variation of barriers, how they are perceived and how much of an obstacle the
Kvantsammanflätning ¨ar en unik egenskap inom kvantfysiken som beskriver hur partiklar, till exempel elektroner, kopplas samman på ett sätt som gör att de inte kan beskrivas oberoende av varandra. I den här rapporten undersöker vi hur kvantsammanflätning kan detekteras med maskininlärning. Det senaste decenniet har vi sett hur artificiell intelligens och maskininlärning förändrat vår vardag, med aIntegrating quantum systems with machine learning models gives rise to quantum machine learning, which introduces new data processing and analysis capabilities. One approach is the use of quantum extreme learning machines, which combine a physical quantum reservoir with a single-layer artificial neural network. The advantage of utilizing a quantum reservoir, instead of a classical system, lies in
Att göra AI smart med små medel – ny metod utmanar gamla träningssätt Under de senaste åren har det blivit allt tydligare att när tillräckligt stora språkmodeller tränas på enorma mängder text, lyckas de extrahera förvånansvärt mycket kunskap. Det leder till en rik representation av världen och en bred uppsättning färdigheter, vilket gör modellerna mycket användbara inom allt från att ge medicinsLarge language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable capabilities but remain costly to deploy at scale. Knowledge distillation offers a way to transfer knowledge from large, high-capacity models into smaller, more efficient ones. This thesis investigates two key questions: (1) how specific design choices affect distillation performance, and (2) how distillation can be effectively performed in the
The transition to a more decentralised energy system, by diversifying energy supply, and expanding renewable energy, is a declared EU objective as is evident from the Clean Energy for All Package. The EU has identified Energy Communities as one of the organisational forms that can facilitate this transition. Greece is a critical case within Europe. Research indicates that Energy Communities could
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the benefits and harms of interventions with and without surgery for musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. DESIGN: Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). LITERATURE SEARCH: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and CENTRAL, all up to January 7, 2021. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: RCTs (English, German, Danish, Swedish, and Norweg
Background: Physiologically guided revascularization improves clinical outcomes. The cutoff values for deferral with fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) are the same across all coronary arteries, despite differences in coronary flow patterns. The objective was to compare deferral rates using either FFR or iFR in the right coronary artery (RCA), left anterior desce
Background: Testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) originates during fetal life. Fetal exposure to environmental chemicals may contribute to its development, but epidemiological data are lacking. We investigated per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which can act as endocrine disruptors during fetal development, and TGCC risk in adulthood. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study of 549
Machine learning methods have a groundbreaking impact in many application domains, but their application on real robotic platforms is still limited. Despite the many challenges associated with combining machine learning technology with robotics, robot learning remains one of the most promising directions for enhancing the capabilities of robots. When deploying learning-based approaches on real rob
Context. Globular clusters exhibit star-to-star chemical variations that are traceable through both photometric and spectroscopic data. While UV photometry and light-elements such as Na and O are commonly used for this purpose, the optical V versus (V-I) color magnitude diagram (CMD) is often assumed to be relatively unaffected by such inhomogeneities and is used to derive basic cluster parameters
The European furniture industry is driven to change from linear to circular business models. Product-service systems (PSS) are considered to offer promising solutions that may enable the transition towards the circular economy. In the furniture industry, one example of a product-service system is the furnishing rental service. However, understanding of how such a service could be developed and imp
Kalkning ger nytt liv till sura sjöar Försurning är idag inte något som det pratas speciellt mycket om i fikarummen runt om i landet, trots att det är ett problem som fortfarande lever kvar och som man jobbar för att lösa helt och hållet. Kalkning kan hjälpa till att återskapa livsmiljöer för en mängd arter i försurningsdrabbade vatten, men hur har egentligen utvecklingen i sjöarna sett ut sedan
In this study, the upward (IUS) and downward (IDS) slopes of the QRS complex are proposed as indices for quantifying ischemia-induced electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. Using ECG recordings acquired before and during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), it is found that the QRS slopes are considerably less steep during artery occlusion, in particular for IDS. With respect to ischem
Background: Traditionally, contact allergy to aluminium has been established by patch testing with aluminium chloride hexahydrate in petrolatum at 2.0% and an empty Finn Chamber®. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate different aluminium test preparations regarding an optimal compound and an optimal test concentration. Methods. Six different aluminium compounds and an empty Finn C
In the last decades of museum policies and practices, the work concerning museum collections has increasingly also become a matter of accessibility for museum visitors. One manifestation of this is to make collections available digitally, but at the same time, many museums also make their collections available physically in the form of visible storage. The latter poses increased risks of damage to
Wide bandwidth time-of-flight spectrometer (TOFS) developed in the Group of Biophotonics,Lund University, is a unique tool which is capable to deliver continues absorption/scattering spectra of turbid samples in a singularly broad wavelength range from 600nm up to 1400nm. The main focus of this thesis work is to calibrate and optimize the performance of the instrumental setup of this system for bi
Artificiell intelligens (AI) har under de senaste åren används framgångsrikt inom många olika områden. Ett område där dessa AI algoritmer ännu inte slagit igenom är sjukvården, där denna typ av automatisering utgör en potentiell lösning på de långa vårdköerna som finns idag. I denna rapport utvärderas den potential artificiell intelligens har för att lösa problem inom medicinsk bildanalys.With the increase in computational power, deep learning algorithms have become an active field of research over the last 7 years. These data-driven machine learning algorithms have produced good results in many applications, image analysis being one of them. Today, many image analysis tasks in the medical field are done manually, taking valuable time and effort from professionals. Automating some
Incretin-based therapy for type 2 diabetes is based on the antidiabetic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and instituted by GLP-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors targeting the key islet defects of the disease. The treatment is clinically efficient and safe, and associated with a low risk of adverse events. It can be used both in early and late stages of the disease
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vilken roll staten kan och bör spela för att få till stånd ekonomisk utveckling hör till den ekonomiska vetenskapens äldsta debatter. Trots detta har tidigare forskning ofta fokuserat på hur en rad statliga interventioner påverkar den statiska effektiviteten. Få studier har försökt studera hur statlig intervention och en aktiv näringspolitik påverkar så kallad dynamisk What role the state should and can play in bringing about economic development is one of the longest standing debates in the economic sciences. Yet, previous research has mostly focused on how a variety of industrial policies affect static efficiency. Few studies have tried to analyze how industrial policy and government intervention affects dynamic efficiency, i.e. an economy's ability to generat
