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Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias currently represent the fifth most common cause of death in the world, according to the World Health Organization, with a projected future increase as the proportion of the elderly in the population is growing. Air pollution has emerged as a plausible risk factor for AD, but studies estimating dementia cases attributable to exposure to fine

Spatiotemporal analysis of long-term changes in air temperature is of prime importance for climate change research and the development of effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. Although there is considerable research on air temperature change across the globe, most of it has been on linear trends and time series analysis of nonlinear trends has not received enough attention. Here, we anal

Proper emergency evacuation planning is a key to ensuring the safety and efficiency of resources allocation in disaster events. An efficient evacuation plan can save human lives and avoid other effects of disasters. To develop effective evacuation plans, this study proposed a multi-objective optimization model that assigns individuals to emergency shelters through safe evacuation routes during the

This paper deals with limitations on control system performance due to load disturbances, measurement noise, actuator saturation and system dynamics. Simple problems which capture the essence of the problem are formulated and solved. The results make it possible to quickly explore a design problem for preliminary assessment before attempting to do massive computations. They are also useful ingredi

BACKGROUND: Aortic-root dissection is the leading cause of death in Marfan's syndrome. Studies suggest that with regard to slowing aortic-root enlargement, losartan may be more effective than beta-blockers, the current standard therapy in most centers.METHODS: We conducted a randomized trial comparing losartan with atenolol in children and young adults with Marfan's syndrome. The primary outcome w

Current techniques for visualising geospatial Linked Data are limited in terms of multiple representation, which has been studied for decades by cartographers and considered as a prerequisite for deriving appropriate geovisualisation applications. In order to alleviate this issue, this paper presents a work in progress, in which the multiple representation geospatial data are released as Linked Da

The Paris Agreement requests a substantial reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These emissions are currently mainly estimated from bottom-up inventories and process-based models of land and ocean fluxes. Another, complementary approach is based on measurements of the atmospheric GHG concentration in combination with atmospheric inverse modelling to provide the GHG fluxes. For the latter a

Objective: To present the baseline data of the international TuberOus SClerosis registry to increase disease Awareness (TOSCA) with emphasis on the characteristics of epilepsies associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).Methods: Retrospective and prospective patients' data on all aspects of TSC were collected from multiple countries worldwide. Epilepsy variables included seizure type, age a

To understand the developmental trajectories in early lymphocyte differentiation, we identified differentially expressed surface markers on lineage-negative lymphoid progenitors (LPs). Single-cell polymerase chain reaction experiments allowed us to link surface marker expression to that of lineage-associated transcription factors (TFs) and identify GFRA2 and BST1 as markers of early B cells. Funct

Objectives: Gram-positive, anaerobic cocci (GPAC) can cause infections in humans. Only a few cases of bacteraemia with GPAC have been reported. We describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of GPAC bacteraemia. Methods: A retrospective population-based study of GPAC bacteraemia 2012–2016 in southern Sweden was performed. GPAC were identified using matrix-associated laser desorption

Objective: To estimate direct and indirect costs associated with neuropsychiatric (NP) events in the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics inception cohort. Methods: NP events were documented annually using American College of Rheumatology definitions for NP events and attributed to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or non-SLE causes. Patients were stratified into 1 of 3 NP states (n

Tuberculosis (TB) is among diseases of global health importance with Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) accounting for 25% of the global TB burden. TB prevalence among miners in SSA is estimated at 3,000-7,000/100,000, which is about 3 to 10-times higher than in the general population. The study's objective was to determine the prevalence of TB and associated risk factors among mining communities in Mereran

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare cells on top of the differentiation hierarchy of hematopoiesis. HSCs are unique in their combined capacity to differentiate into all mature blood lineages and self-renew to maintain the HSC pool. Based on classical models of hematopoiesis in mouse, the self-renewal potential of HSCs is gradually and step-wise lost during the transition from long term (LT)-H

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Gallstones (cholelithiasis) constitute a major health burden with high costs related to surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy), generally indicated for symptomatic gallstones. The association between gallstones and cholecystectomy and kidney cancer is controversial. We comprehensively investigated this association, considering age at cholecystectomy and time f

Background Type 2 (T2) high asthma is recognised as a heterogenous entity consisting of several endotypes; however, the prevalence and distribution of the T2 biomarkers in the general asthma population, across asthma severity, and across compartments is largely unknown. The objective of the present study was to describe expression and overlaps of airway and systemic T2 biomarkers in a clinically r

Accelerated by the harms and depletion risk of fossil fuels, transition to low-carbon or renewable fuels have become an urgent need for combustion engines to decarbonize transport sectors. Natural gas-diesel dual-fuel combustion is a promising method to achieve these goals by allowing the usage of natural gas in diesel engines. However, this concept has drawbacks of low combustion efficiency, high

Understanding and being able to quantify sitting postures is a central asset in car safety evaluations. This is due to the fact that passengers can choose a range of different sitting positions. Studying and understanding how passengers choose to sit to obtain some comfort is important for increased safety in futures cars and is particularly challenging facing a heterogeneous population. Data is a

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between job satisfaction and empathic concern, perspective-taking and performance-based self-esteem. The study did also aim to examine if empathic concern, perspective-taking and performance-based self-esteem could predict job satisfaction and investigate which one was the best predictor. The survey was answered by 232 working participants

Child poverty is a growning issue in the Swedish society today. Research in the area demonstrates differences in support and intervention work around Sweden, which appose the principle of equality that underpin Swedish welfare policy. Combating child poverty is a shared concern between different political actors. It does not in itself constitute a specific policyarea. But it is linked to activitie