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When restrictions and rationing took effect during the Second World War, home sewing became a necessity for many women. This paper presents and discusses the distribution of paper patterns for home sewing in Sweden during the war years, using the examples of three different pattern magazines. It shows how these magazines conveyed, interpreted, and adapted fashion to home sewers. Despite the fact t
Cosmology concepts encompass complex spatial and temporal relations that are counterintuitive. Cosmology findings, because of their intrinsic interest, are often reported in the public domain with enthusiasm, and students come to cosmology with a range of conceptions some aligned and some at variance with the current science. This makes cosmology concepts challenging to teach, and also challenging
The financing of energy efficiency measures and renovations is key to reaching energy efficiency targets for the housing sector. The purpose of this article is to add the Swedish case of how capital market funds have become accessible and used by public and private housing companies, in particular for energy efficiency measures. The core of this article are interviews with representatives of Swedi
Appropriate evaluation and experimental design are fundamental for empirical sciences, particularly in data-driven fields. Due to the successes in computational modeling of languages, for instance, research outcomes are having an increasingly immediate impact on end users. As the gap in adoption by end users decreases, the need increases to ensure that tools and models developed by the research co
Purpose: To explore stakeholders’ perceptions of the coordination of health and rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities in Sierra Leone. Materials and methods: A qualitative study including seven focus group discussions with health, rehabilitation, and disability organisations stakeholders in Sierra Leone. Content analysis was used for data analysis. Results: One theme emerged; poor
Air pollution research has been conducted in Europe and North America as well as in Asia and South America for decades, but there has, so far, only been a limited amount of studies on air pollution and its health effects conducted in Africa. Until recently, global inventories of pollutants from North America Europe and Asia have been used for air quality and climate change modelling in Africa (Bon
With the advent of nationwide mammography screening programmes, a number of natural history models of breast cancers have been developed and used to assess the effects of screening. The first half of this article provides an overview of a class of these models and describes how they can be used to study latent processes of tumour progression from observational data. The second half of the article
The value-belief-norm (VBN) theory has been widely used to describe pro-sustainability behavior. Despite being used to examine issues of sustainable and public transport behavior, research using the VBN has largely overlooked the pro-environmental behavior of cyclists and walkers, which is extremely significant given the role of active transport in environmental and human health. Therefore, this s
The ongoing digitalisation of societies, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has led to increased efforts to ensure the digital inclusion of older adults. Digital inclusion strategies throughout the COVID-19 pandemic predominantly focused on increasing access and basic digital literacy of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for all members of society. Older adults, who are more lik
Objectives: To investigate factors associated with multiple induced abortions. Materials and methods: A multi-centre cross-sectional survey among abortion-seeking women (n = 623;14-47y) in Sweden, 2021. ‘Multiple abortions’ was defined as having had ≥2 induced abortions. This group was compared to women with a previous experience of 0-1 induced abortion. Regression analysis was conducted to determ
We train and compare the performance of two different machine learning algorithms to learn changes in winter wheat production for fields from the southwest of Sweden. As input to these algorithms, we use cloud-penetrating Sentinel-1 polarimetry radar data together with respective field topography and local weather over four different years. We note that all of the input data were freely available.
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a critical but labor-intensive process in product development that aims to identify and mitigate potential failure modes to ensure product quality and reliability. In this paper, a novel framework to improve the FMEA process by integrating generative artificial intelligence (AI), in particular large language models (LLMs), is presented. By using these ad
Background: Recurrent coarctation of the aorta (re-CoA) is a well-known although not fully understood complication after surgical repair, typically occurring in 10%–20% of cases within months after discharge. Objectives: To (1) characterize geometry of the aortic arch and blood flow from pre-discharge magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in neonates after CoA repair; and (2) compare these measures bet
One of the main challenges as the market for fully commercial electrified vehicles quickly expands is predicting the electromagnetic interference (EMI) in traction voltage systems (TVSs) in differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM). The number of subsystems connected to vehicle TVSs is increasing, and thus, so are the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements. These requirements should ma
AI cancer detection models require calibration to attain the desired balance between cancer detection rate (CDR) and false positive rate. In this study, we simulate the impact of six types of mismatches between the calibration population and the clinical target population, by creating purposefully non-representative datasets to calibrate AI for clinical settings. Mismatching the acquisition year b
In this paper we show that OpenAI’s Large Language Model (LLM) GPT perform remarkably well when used for title and abstract eligibility screening of scientific articles and within a (systematic) literature review workflow. We evaluated GPT on screening data from a systematic review study on electric vehicle charging infrastructure demand with almost 12,000 records using the same eligibility criter
Background: One of the preanalytical factors that can affect the results of arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is the time from sample collection to analysis. A delay in analysis may affect the results due to factors such as ongoing cellular metabolism within the blood sample, gas exchange between the blood sample and the environment, and temperature changes. ABG analysis can be delayed for various
Global policies, legislation, and eco-friendly initiatives have induced the steel industry to integrate sustainable development approaches. Sustainability requires all phases from raw material sourcing to transportation to waste and carbon footprint elimination—yielding positive effects. This research employs a two-step approach in sustainability. The first phase entails conducting a systematic li
The delay between the origin of animals in the Neoproterozoic and their Cambrian diversification remains perplexing. Animal diversification mirrors an expansion in marine shelf area under a greenhouse climate, though the extent to which these environmental conditions directly influenced physiology and early organismal ecology remains unclear. Here, we use a biogeochemical model to quantify oxygen
