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Aims To compare change in dietary intake, with an emphasis on food groups and food intake behaviour, over time across treatment arms in a diabetes prevention trial and to assess the differences in dietary intake among demographic groups within treatment arms. Methods Data are from the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Participants were randomized to a life

Background: In evaluating complex interventions, it is a challenge for researchers to provide transparent reporting of the intervention content with sufficient detail and clarity such that effects can be compared across studies or countries. Objective: To describe and compare the content of current rehabilitation for patients with inflammatory arthritis across 4 northern European countries. Patien

The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) is one of Africa's most endangered species and therefore classified as endangered by IUCN. Earlier distributions included most of Africa but currently the African wild dog only has populations larger than 300 individuals in three countries (Botswana, Tanzania and South Africa). In 1998, a plan was launched in South Africa to manage sub-populations of the Africa

Clinical manifestations and outcomes of atherosclerotic disease differ between ethnic groups. In addition, the prevalence of risk factors is substantially different. Primary prevention programs are based on data derived from almost exclusively White people. We investigated how race/ethnic differences modify the associations of established risk factors with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events

Recent studies suggest de novo mutations may involve the pathogenesis of autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Based on the evidence that excessive alcohol consumption may be associated with an increased rate of de novo mutations in germ cells (sperms or eggs), we examine here whether the risks of autism and ADHD are increased among individuals with a family history of alcoho

To assess whether recently discovered genetic loci associated with hyperglycemia also predict long-term changes in glycemic traits. Methods: Sixteen fasting glucose-raising loci were genotyped in middle-aged adults from the GLACIER Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from Northern Sweden. Genotypes were tested for association with baseline fasting and 2-hr post-challenge glycemia (N

The driving factors behind the global epidemic of obesity have not yet been fully elucidated. Investigating the effect of age and cohort on weight change might enable us to develop effective intervention strategies. Aims To analyse the pattern of BMI change by age and birth cohort over five-year follow-up in adult Swedish sample. Methods The data was drawn from the Scania Public Health Cohort. The

Background: Exhaled breath temperature (EBT) has been suggested as a marker of airway inflammation in asthma. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate EBT in asthmatic subjects compared to healthy controls after an exercise challenge test, and in subjects with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction compared to subjects without, and to compare with body temperatures. Methods: A tot

Accessibility is an important factor in land-use planning and several methods have been developed to calculate and to predict it. Nevertheless, it is seldom applied in planning situations, maybe because many land-use planners and elected officials lack the knowledge and resources needed to use traffic models. Consequently, accessibility is often used as a concept and a goal in daily planning, but

The three-year research project funded by MSB applies design science, in combination with traditional scientific investigation, to develop a method to guide the planning phase of capacity development projects for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. The method facilitates local participation and ownership as it builds on the strengths of the Logical Framework Approach (LFA), whil

We present electrical characterization of GaSb/InAs(Sb) nanowire tunnel field-effect transistors. The broken band alignment of the GaSb/InAs(Sb) heterostructure is exploited to allow for interband tunneling without a barrier, leading to high ON-current levels. We report a maximum drive current of 310 μA/μm at Vds = 0.5 V. Devices with scaled gate oxides display transconductances up to gm = 250 mS/m

Abstract Background: Lactobacillus species are the most often found inhabitants of vaginal ecosystem of fertile women. In postmenopausal women with low oestrogen levels, Lactobacillus flora is diminishing or absent. However, no studies have been performed to investigate the correlation between oestrogen levels and the lactobacilli in the gut. The aim of the present study was to investigate the rel

Signalling through gap junctions contributes to control insulin secretion and, thus, blood glucose levels. Gap junctions of the insulin-producing β-cells are made of connexin 36 (Cx36), which is encoded by the GJD2 gene. Cx36-null mice feature alterations mimicking those observed in type 2 diabetes (T2D). GJD2 is also expressed in neurons, which share a number of common features with pancreatic β-

Recent studies based on self-assessed data on exposure and outcome suggest a negative association between poor health before neck injury and recovery. Our aim was to study actual healthcare consultation and work disability before and after neck injury (whiplash).

OBJECTIVE - Whole-grain foods are touted for multiple health benefits including enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing type 2 diabetes risk Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations in individuals free of diabetes We tested the hypothesis that whole-grain food intake an

Familial clustering of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is well established, but the familial risk of COPD has not been determined among adoptees. The aim was to determine whether the familial transmission of COPD is related to disease in biological and/or adoptive parents.

Background: Activities of daily living (ADL) are an essential part of the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD). A decline in ADL affects independent living and has a strong negative impact on caregiver burden. Functional response to cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) treatment and factors that might influence this response in naturalistic AD patients need investigating. The aim of this st

Abstract in UndeterminedWhite layer formation is considered as a part of minimum array of parameters characterizing surface integrity of the machined product. The paper is aimed on identification and characterization of white layer generated when finish turning aged Inconel 718 with Al2O3-SiCw ceramic tools under different cutting conditions, tool wear and coolant application. As expected intensit