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Partially premixed combustion (PPC) is used to meet the increasing demands of emission legislation and to improve fuel efficiency. With gasoline fuels, PPC has the advantage of a longer premixed duration of the fuel/air mixture, which prevents soot formation. In addition, the overall combustion stability can be increased with a longer ignition delay, providing proper fuel injection strategies. In
An optimal soft multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detector is proposed with linear complexity for a general spatial multiplexing system with two transmitting symbols and NR ≥ 2 receiving antennas. The computational complexity of the proposed scheme is independent of the operating signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) and grows linearly with the constellation order. It provides the soft maximum-likelihood
The focusing and coherence properties of the NanoMAX Kirkpatrick–Baez mirror system at the fourth-generation MAX IV synchrotron in Lund have been characterized. The direct measurement of nano-focused X-ray beams is possible by scanning of an X-ray waveguide, serving basically as an ultra-thin slit. In quasi-coherent operation, beam sizes of down to 56 nm (FWHM, horizontal direction) can be achieve
We calculate the unpolarized transverse momentum dependent fragmentation function at next-to-next-to-leading order, evaluating separately the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) soft factor and the TMD collinear correlator. For the first time, the cancellation of spurious rapidity divergences in a properly defined individual TMD beyond the first nontrivial order is shown. This represents a strong
Carotenoids are one of the most widespread and important group of pigments in Nature and they can act as light-harvesting agents, photoprotectors and antioxidants. Mechanisms of their multiple functions are not fully understood mainly because their complicated photophysics involving ?dark? excited states. The central theme of this thesis is characterization of the lowest dark S1 state of carotenoi
Popular Abstract in Swedish Större delen av den kunskap vi har om Universum får vi genom att undersöka det ljus som olika kosmiska objekt sänder ut. Det synliga ljuset från en stjärna består av kontinuerlig strålning (Planckstrålning) vars färg ger ett mått på temperaturen av stjärnans yta på samma sätt som färgen hos upphettade metallföremål. Vid en närmare undersökning av stjärnans spektrum kan The new generation of high resolution astronomical instruments such as the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) or the Very Large Telescope (VLT) has renewed the demand for accurate atomic parameters like wavelengths, oscillator strengths and line profiles accompanied by reliable uncertainty estimates. Fourier transform spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool when measuring these parameters. In this
Maritime transportation is a significant contributor to SOx, NOx and particle matter emissions, and to a lesser extent, of CO2. Recently new regulations are being enforced in special geographical areas to limit the amount of emissions from the ships. This fact, together with the high fuel prices, is driving the marine industry towards the improvement of the energy efficiency of ships. Although mor
Nanowires have the potential to play an important role for next-generation light-emitting diodes. In this work, we present a growth scheme for radial nanowire quantum-well structures in the AlGaInP material system using a GaInP nanowire core as a template for radial growth with GaInP as the active layer for emission and AlGaInP as charge carrier barriers. The different layers were analyzed by X-ra
Biorefining of crops for production of power, transport fuels, and a diverse array of chemicals has potential for providing significant added economic value to biomass. A shift in the industrial resource base from fossil resources to biomass also requires a shift in the technology base for producing, handling, and processing of raw materials. Biotechnology will play an important role in providing
The degraded resolution and sensitivity characteristics of background-oriented schlieren (BOS) can be recovered by utilizing an optical flow (OF)-based image processing scheme. However, the background patterns conventionally employed in BOS setups suit the needs of the cross-correlation approach, whereas OF is based on a completely different mathematical background. Thus, in order to characterize
Under de senaste åren har efterfrågan på textilier ökat och andelen textilavfall som återvinns är i dagsläget liten vilket har lett till en ökad miljöpåverkan. Det finns därmed ett behov av nya återvinningsprocesser för textilier, där en möjlighet är att de-polymerisera cellulosa-baserade textilier till glukos genom en alkalisk förbehandling, följt av enzymatisk hydrolys. Att integrera textilåtervOver the past years there has been an increased environmental impact due to an increased textile demand. Only a small fraction of waste textiles is recycled today which indicates a requirement for new textile-recycling processes, where one possibility would be to depolymerize cellulose-based textiles into glucose, with an alkaline pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Due to a high energy
In this work we explore a strongly-interacting dark sector with a Z’ portal to the Standard Model. We focus on the dark shower phenomenology and their semi-visible jet signatures with a strong emphasis on first principles of the theory. We use Pythia and Delphes for event generations and detector simulations, and consider both pp and e+e− collision events at 13 TeV. The kinematic studies are based
The long-term objective within the wave energy industry is to deliver large-scale wave energy farms connected to large national power grids. However, this objective cannot be reached with today’s wave energy technologies at their current maturity levels. This has created a need within the industry to identify alternative development paths—in this thesis referred to as off-grid market opportunities
Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) circuits are critical in modern Wi-Fi receivers, playing a key role in power management and protecting the radio frequency (RF) front-end from saturation and potential damage. This thesis presents the design and evaluation of a novel rectifier circuit conceptualized for use in an RSSI system within an industry-standard 22nm CMOS node, specifically targetin
Limited-slip differentials (LSDs) are commonly used in high performance vehicles to im- prove handling by reducing differential speed and balancing torque between the driving wheels. BorgWarner develops electronically activated LSDs and Electric Cross Differen- tials (eXD), which dynamically control torque distribution to improve traction and vehicle performance. However, current electrically acti
