Filtyp
The Swedish electricity market was divided into four bidding areas on 2011.11.01. The division gave implications to the trade of electricity in the spot market as well as the financial market. Four bidding areas create smaller markets and coupled with an unbalance of production and consumption in the areas, the liquidity on contracts for area price risk management has decreased drastically. This e
Skatterätten anknyter till många civilrättsliga termer och bestämmelser. Vid beskattningen har de getts samma innebörd inom skatterätten som i civilrätten. Till följd av den vida avtalsfriheten har det gett de skatteskyldiga stora möjligheter att påverka beskattningen. Förehavanden kan således konstrueras så att de träffas av skattesystemets lägre skattesatser. Häremot har såväl rättstillämparen sThe Swedish tax system is linked to many civil law concepts and provisions. In taxation, they have been given the same meaning in tax law as in civil law. As a result of the wide freedom of contract, this has given taxpayers great opportunities to influence taxation. Dealings can thus be designed so that they are affected by the tax system's lower tax rates. On the other hand, both the judicia
With an increasing emphasis on sustainability, and the necessity to align with new regulations, companies face the challenge of transforming their business models to incorporate circularity. Many companies today operate according to a linear business model, where products are designed for consummation and disposal. However, to comply with new demands surrounding sustainability, companies will need
Study purpose: The maritime shipping industry, particularly the commercial sector, is a significant contributor to carbon emissions and environmental pollution. Various solutions are being proposed to enhance the sector's sustainability, including the adoption of wind propulsion technologies. However, the economic feasibility of these technologies on a large scale remains uncertain. Despite th
In recent decades, there has been significant attention on the decline in insect populations, including moths and hover flies. To tackle this issue, innovative methods such as entomological LiDAR technology have revolutionized the remote identification of free-flying insects. The distinct spectral reflection from moth and hover fly wings enables precise differentiation between species and sexes. W
The mycoprotein was obtained from the company, Mycorena. The mycoprotein is a potential source of alternative protein of the animal origin used as the functional ingredients in the food industry. In this project, mycoprotein concentrate (MC) and mycoprotein isolate (MI) were produced by freeze-drying the biomass and pH-shift processing together with freeze-drying, respectively. Moreover, the funct
WUI-NITY is a computer modelling program for wildfire evacuation simulations. This thesis examines the applicability of WUI-NITY to locations in Sweden. The program was tested at example locations representing the Swedish landscape. The objective of this work was both to examine the application of the model, but also to produce a process by which the model might be applied – highlighting challenge
Till följd av att angrepp mot blåljusverksamhet innefattande polis, ambulans- och räddningspersonal blivit vanligare, utreddes 2016 möjligheterna att införa ett stärkt straffrättsligt skydd mot sabotage mot blåljusverksamhet i BrB. Resultatet blev en ny blåljuslag 2020. I lagens proposition anförde regeringen att kriminaliseringen av blåljussabotage var en nödvändig åtgärd. Trots att det funnits As a result of attacks against blue light operations, including police, ambulance, and rescue personnel becoming increasingly recurrent, the possibility of introducing strengthened criminal protection against blue light sabotage in the Criminal Code was investigated in 2016. The result was a new blue light law in 2020. In the bill, the government stated that the criminalization of blue light sabo
Den skattemässiga behandlingen av olika företagsformer skiljer åt inom nationell rätt. Genom att ett företag klassificeras som ett delägarbeskattat subjekt i ett land och som ett eget skattesubjekt i ett annat land kan hybrida missmatchningar uppstå. I syfte att neutralisera effekterna av hybrida missmatchningar infördes ränteavdragsförbudsregler 1 januari 2019 i Sverige. Bestämmelserna utgör en iThe tax treatment of different entities, within a jurisdiction, differs. If an entity is classified as transparent for tax purposes in one state and as opaque in another state, hybrid mismatches can arise. In order to neutralize the effects of hybrid mismatches, new provisions, prohibiting interest deduction, were introduced in Sweden on 1 January 2019. The regulation constitutes an implementation
Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka huruvida kulturegendom tillmäts ’tillräckligt skydd’ av internationell rätt i väpnade konflikter, med betoning på den juridiska grunden för att åtala förstörelse av kulturarv som ett krigsbrott under internationell straffrätt. Jag undersöker hur de mest relevanta traktaterna i internationell rätt har uppstått sedan antagandet år 1954 av Haagkonventionen för skyddThe purpose of this thesis is to examine whether cultural property is attributed ‘sufficient protection’ by international law in armed conflicts, with an emphasis on the legal basis for prosecuting its destruction as a war crime under international criminal law. I research how the most relevant treaties in international law have emerged since the adoption of the Convention for the Protection of Cu
In their work, military personnel will face risks and threats: during deployments in ambiguous high risk mission contexts abroad, but also in peacetime in the Netherlands during training programs and exercises or national support operations. In all these contexts, it is crucial that team members speak up: sharing concerns, asking questions and providing ideas supports effective team decision makin
I Sverige har efterlevandeskyddet för sambor varit en omdebatterad fråga under de senaste decennierna. Inte minst aktualiserades frågan till följd av tvisten som uppstod efter författaren Stieg Larssons bortgång. Trots utredningar och medial uppmärksamhet har det emellertid inte skett några förändringar i den svenska rätten. Samtidigt har det i både Danmark och Norge, två grannländer med i övrigt In Sweden there has been a longstanding debate in regards to the legal provisions for surviving cohabitants. The question gained attention in particular after the sudden passing of the famous swedish author, Stieg Larsson, and the following legal dispute. In spite of the public attention and public enquiries no significant changes to the Swedish legislation has been undertaken. In the meanwhile bo
Den 2 juli 2014 infördes lagändringar om bygglovsbefriade åtgärder i syfte att förenkla plan- och bygglovsprocessen, minska bostadsbristen och att fastighetsägare skulle få mer handlingsutrymme utan att krav ställs från myndigheter. I samband med lagändringarna infördes regler om bygglovsbefriade komplementbostadshus i 9 kap. 4 a § PBL. En byggnad som får utgöra maximalt 25 kvadratmeter och som skThe Swedish Government has recently initiated additional permit-free buildings with the aim to simplify the Planning and Building act, reduce the housing shortage and increase a property owner’s proprietorship. According to the amendment it is possible to construct a complementary home with the size of 25 square meters in close proximity to an existing house. This building is known as an Attefall
In the government's report Arkiv för alla –nu och i framtiden from 2002, one of the goals was to increase public understanding and interest of the archives as a source of information and knowledge. To do this, the report concludes that the archives have to become more visible and more accessible to the public. The aim of this master's thesis is to examine how the archive staffs in the Ci
Chinese furniture industry is facing serious problem of limited virgin resources, environmental pollution and has an overall low profit rate. Implementing the circular economy in the industry is necessary and will contribute to its economically sustainable growth. Exploring and understanding these limited business models and conditions under which resource efficiency can be enabled and secured, es
I uppsatsen utreds innebörden och tillämpningsområdena av begreppen vårdskada enligt patientsäkerhetslagen (2010:659) (PSL) och patientskada enligt patientskadelagen (1996:799) (PSkL). Syftet är att belysa problematiken och eventuella konsekvenser av skillnaderna mellan begreppen samt att utreda hur systemen bättre kan samordnas. En vårdskada är en fysisk eller psykisk skada som hade kunnat undvikThe purpose of the essay is to investigate the meaning of and differences between a healthcare injury according to the Patient Security Act (2010:659) (PSL) and a patient injury according to the Patient Injury Act (1996:799) (PSkL). The essay pertains to illustrate the problems and possible consequences of the differences as well as to review how the systems could be better coordinated. A healthca
Uppsatsen behandlar frågan om hur nödvärnsrätten tillämpas mot flera angri-pare, särskilt när dessa agerar i medgärningsmannaskap. Brottsbalkens 24 kapitel stadgar rätten till självförsvar vid brottsliga angrepp på person eller egendom, förutsatt att agerandet inte är uppenbart oförsvarligt. Eftersom för-arbetena till brottsbalken endast behandlar rätten till nödvärn med utgångs-punkt från angripaThe following paper addresses the question of how the right to self-defense is applied against multiple attackers, especially when they act in concert. Chapter 24 of the Swedish Criminal Code stipulates the right to self-defense in case of criminal attacks on persons or property, provided that the action is not clearly unjustifiable. Since the preparatory work for the Swedish Criminal Code only co
The study investigates the way education policies affecting primary education provision have been implemented in Kenya to reveal issues derived from their implementation and the impact they have had on parent's choice of school. The study used a qualitative research approach where data was collected through a desk study and semi-structured interviews. The desk study was used for the purpose o
Malnourishment, food insecurity, food swamps and obesity. These are only a few of the detrimental effects of the current food system, a product of industrialization and path dependence within unsustainable practices. As sustainability issues in general, the inherent complexity that the Los Angeles food system is characterized by requires collective action by stakeholders from across the public, pr
Data from NASA's Kepler space telescope, which searches for exoplanets via the transit method, produced 1108 new planetary candidates in 2013 with a total of 91% being smaller than Neptune in size. These were mostly super-Earths, terrestial planets between Earth and Neptune in size, with orbits around 10 days. In order for any theory of planet formation to be valid it must be able to account
