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Det nns olika strålterapitekniker som används för att behandla cancer. Extern strålbehandling är den vanligaste formen av strålterapi. Syftet med extern strålbehandling är att döda eller bromsa cancercellens tillväxt genom att inducera strålskador i DNA, som kommer påverka deras mekanismer och leda till döden. Den eekt uppnås när höga doser levereras till tumören. Problemet som uppstår vid användnPurpose: In 2019 Varian EthosTM linear accelerator (Varian Medical Systems, CA, USA) with integrated artificial intelligence (AI) was installed at Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, enabling online adaptive radiotherapy (oART) e.g for bladder cancer patients with a large margin reduction. The AI utilizes so called influencers for initial delineation of the targets and organs at risks (OAR) usin

Since the beginning of the 1960’s, there has been a widening gap in GDP per capita between the countries in the regions of East Asia & Pacific and Sub-Saharan Africa. By growing more and shrinking less, some but not all, developing countries have deviated from a state of underdevelopment and caught up with the developed world. Moreover, it has been argued that the biggest chance of catching up

Denna studie ämnade att studera vilka faktorer som främst motiverar universitetsstudenter på en framtida arbetsplats. Undersökningen utgick från en kvantitativ metod, där en fysisk pappersenkät användes för insamling av data. Enkäten var uppbyggd utifrån att dels undersöka arbetsmotivation i form av ekonomiska faktorer, men även arbetsegenskaper. I studien mättes åtta ekonomiska faktorer och fyra The aim of this study was to examine which factors motivate university students at a future workplace. By using a quantitative research method, data was collected through a paper survey, where the research tool consisted of a self-assessment questionnaire. The survey was constructed on the basis of investigating work motivation from two perspectives, following economic factors and work characteris

Microalgae belong to the group of the oldest microorganisms that can grow in both fresh and marine water. Microalgal biomass is a rich source of vitamins, lipids, pigments and essential amino acids. Microalgal biomass can be used without cracking and fractionation or it can be cracked, fractionated and purified to get particular components like vitamins, pigments, omega-3 oils and proteins. But du

Bygg- och fastighetssektorn står för stora utsläpp av växthusgaser från byggnadsmaterial- och energianvändning. Byggbranschen står idag för ca en femtedel av Sveriges totala koldioxidutsläpp. Ett område med stor potential är byggnadsmaterial där IsoTimber är ett av företagen som driver utvecklingen framåt. IsoTimber är en relativt ny aktör inom byggsektorn som tillverkar prefabricerade väggar i trThe construction and real estate sector accounts for a large part of the emission of greenhouse gases from the usage of building material and energy. The construction industry today accounts for about one-fifth of Sweden’s total carbon dioxide emissions. One area with great potential is building materials where IsoTimber is one of the companies that drive the development forward. IsoTimber is a re

Health is a universal right, nevertheless, not all people have the same opportunities to fully enjoy it without facing financial difficulties. Universal Health Coverage has the potential to break the health-poverty trap, supporting people with the opportunity of building a healthy structure, essential for a sustainable human and economic development. This paper explores how individual characterist

The aim of this master’s thesis is to investigate the discursive networks and production contexts of the rare and insular phenomena of Swedish experimental features. As a point of departure, the tentative and limited filmography of Swedish artist Öyvind Fahlström is expanded upon, as the thesis present a unique case study on his first and only feature film Du gamla, Du fria (“Provocation”, 1972).

The recent English translation of the diary of the Swedish naturalist Daniel Rolander (written 1754-1756) reveals the earliest records on useful plants of Suriname. Since he did not grant Linnaeus access to his specimens, Rolander never received credit for his work, part of his collection was lost, and his diary never published. Here we compare Rolander's notes with recent ethnobotanical data from

Background: Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) cause toxicological renal effects, but the clinical relevance at low-level exposures in general populations is unclear. The objective of this study is to assess the risk of developing end-stage renal disease in relation to Cd, Pb, and Hg exposure. Methods: A total of 118 cases who later in life developed end-stage renal disease, and 378 matched

PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence, genotype, and clinical spectrum of Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (Best disease). DESIGN: Retrospective epidemiologic and clinical and molecular genetic observational study. METHODS: SETTING: National referral center. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-five individuals diagnosed with Best disease. OBSERVATION PROCEDURES: Retrospective review of patients diagnosed accordin

Background: Self-assembled mannan nanogels are designed to provide a therapeutic or vaccine delivery platform based on the bioactive properties of mannan to target mannose receptor expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, combined with the performance of nanogels as carriers of biologically active agents. Methods: Proteins in the corona around mannan nanogel formed in human plasma wer

Context: This review focuses on positive surgical margins (PSM) in radical prostatectomy (RP). Objective: To address the etiology, incidence, and oncologic impact of PSM and discuss technical points to help surgeons minimize their positive margin rate. An evidence-based approach to assist clinicians in counseling patients with a PSM is provided. Evidence acquisition: A literature search in English

Optimisation of cheese yield is crucial for cheese production; a previous study showed large variations in chymosin-induced coagulation in milk from the second most common Swedish dairy breed, Swedish Red. In the present study, the effect of gross composition, protein composition, total and ionic calcium content, phosphorous content and casein micelle size on chymosin-induced gelation was determin

The activity of saprotrophic fungi and bacteria, and the balance between them, can affect decomposition. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are also important for the nutrient and energy transfer in soil. Microbial community composition and activity are believed to have seasonal patterns, and are known to be highly influenced by environmental factors such as pH and nutrient conditions. To evaluate

Nordic countries have experienced multiple glaciations and intervening interglacials during the last ca. 2.5-3 million years. Although evidence from Greenland and Iceland shows that ice sheets started to expand some time before 3 Ma, little is known about the glaciations and intervening interglacials older than the last Glacial Maximum due to repeated phases of glacial erosion and reworking. The e

Changes in sulphur and nitrogen pollution in Swedish forests have been assessed in relation to European emission reductions, based on measurements in the Swedish Throughfall Monitoring Network. Measurements were analysed over 20 years with a focus on the 12-year period 1996 to 2008. Air concentrations of SO2 and NO2, have decreased. The SO4-deposition has decreased in parallel with the European em

Background: Proteolytic Clostridium botulinum is the causative agent of botulism, a severe neuroparalytic illness. Given the severity of botulism, surprisingly little is known of the population structure, biology, phylogeny or evolution of C. botulinum. The recent determination of the genome sequence of C. botulinum has allowed comparative genomic indexing using a DNA microarray. Results: Whole ge

Objective. To investigate the type of urinary diversion performed after cystectomy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer in Sweden, using data from a population-based national register. Material and methods. Since 1997, the Swedish Bladder Cancer Register has included more than 90% of all patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer. The different types of urinary diversion performed in

The 1990s was the era of human rights awareness, democratic transitions, and growing involvement of international organizations and the nongovernmental sector in human rights education (HRE). The UN Decade for HRE from 1995-2004 was not only born out of the initiatives and pressures of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) but it also actively triggered many new private initiatives and commitments

Background: Previous studies of the association between gestational age or birth weight and allergic rhinitis in later life have had various limitations, including the inability to estimate risk among subjects born extremely preterm or to examine specific contributions of gestational age and fetal growth. Objective: We sought to determine whether gestational age at birth independent of fetal growt