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The aim of this paper is to discuss how research schools with a structured programme and targeted profile may make it difficult for doctoral students to expand the academic role. Our paper is based on material collected in a questionnaire given to doctoral students enrolled at a Swedish research school in architecture. In this questionnaire we found three areas – openness to other disciplines and
Autoimmune hepatitis (AH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are autoimmune diseases (AIDs) targeting cellular components of the liver. Being rare diseases, limited data are available about familial risks among these AIDs (concordant) or between them and other AIDs (discordant). We aimed to carry out an unbiased study on these AIDs based on medically diagnosed patients. We collected data on patie
The sulfation of gas-phase KOH and KCl was investigated in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres at temperatures of 1120 K, 1260 K, 1390 K, and 1550 K. Well-defined gas environments were generated in a laminar flame burner fuelled with CH4/air/O2/N2. Atomized K2CO3 and KCl water solution fog and SO2 were introduced into the hot gas as sources of potassium, chlorine, and sulfur, respectively. The
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, but the pathogenesis is not completely understood. The application of metabolomics could help in discovering new metabolic pathways involved in the development of the disease. Methods and Results We measured 112 baseline fasting metabolites of 3770 participants in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study; these participants were fre
SUMMARYVaccines work primarily by eliciting antibodies, even when recovery from natural infection depends on cellular immunity. Large efforts have therefore been made to identify microbial antigens that elicit protective antibodies, but these endeavors have encountered major difficulties, as witnessed by the lack of vaccines against many pathogens. This review summarizes accumulating evidence that
It has been argued that, when there is a probable imminent risk of loss of children's fertility, their parents should take active steps to preserve their reproductive potential if possible – or even that children have a right to such interventions being undertaken on them on their behalf, as an expression of their right to an open future. In this chapter, I explore these proposals and some of thei
The purpose of the present study is to introduce a point process model for characterizing the pattern of atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes. A variant of the bivariate Hawkes process is proposed, accounting for clustered episodes. The model parameters are inferred by the maximum likelihood method. The goodness-of-fit analysis show that model fits the data in most of the recordings (27 out of 32). T
CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of statins and other lipid-lowering agents on the development of Graves orbitopathy (GO) in patients with newly diagnosed Graves disease (GD). METHODS: Our sample included the full adult population of individuals living in Sweden with newly diagnosed GD between 2005 and 2018 (n = 34 894). We compared the GO incidence in statin user
The molecular weight distribution and the viscosity of water‐soluble dietary fibre polysaccharides isolated from green beans, Brussels sprouts and green peas were investigated following boiling, microwave treatment and canning. Blanching was used as a reference process. In green beans and Brussels sprouts microwave treatment had minor effects, while there generally was a small decrease of neutral
The caecal content of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA; acetic, propionic and butyric acid), caecal pH, fermentability and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were examined through balance experiments in rats fed 11 various indigestible carbohydrates. The following carbohydrate sources were incorporated into test diets: cellulose, oat husk, wheat bran, oat bran, pea fibre, linseed fibre, low methoxylated
A semi-stochastic, statistical reduction method for chemical kinetic schemes based on the ant colony optimization method, is developed for atmospheric chemistry simulations. The prime application is coupled dynamic and chemistry models for simulation of the dispersion and reactivity of chemical species on street scale, i.e. the modelling of urban air pollution in street canyons. The method is desi
Since the discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) a new area has emerged in the field of biomarkers. NcRNAs are RNA molecules of different sizes that are transcribed as independent genes or as part of protein coding genes and are not translated, therefore they do not produce proteins. They have been classified accord-ing to their size and function and include micro RNAs (miRNAs), piwiRNAs (piRNAs),
Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines on 8th November 2013 destroying more than 1 million houses and affecting mostly the poor. This paper discusses user involvement in housing recovery from a capability perspective. The paper also analyses possibilities for extension of the housing solutions. Based on the Sphere handbook and the theoretical framework, a Model for user involvement in evolutionary hou
Tumors affect the immune system, locally and systemically. The frequencies of specific circulating immune cell populations correlate with disease progression as well as prognosis of the patients. Although largely neglected, conventional antitumoral therapies often possess immunomodulatory properties and affect the levels of specific immune cell populations. Most information, however, derive from a
The problem of adversarial CNN attacks is considered, with an emphasis on attacks that are trivial to perform but difficult to defend. A framework for the study of such attacks is proposed, using real world object manipulations. Unlike most works in the past, this framework supports the design of attacks based on both small and large image perturbations, implemented by camera shake and pose variat
In the present paper, the effectiveness of a vibration isolation mat for a railway slab track system is studied using a finite element model of the railway track. The finite elements are formulated in a moving frame of reference following the moving load at a particular speed. The rails are modeled using Bernoulli beams, whereas the track slab and an underlying supporting plate are modeled using K
The presence of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) in pancreatic endocrine cells is well established. Nevertheless, recent advances are only now unraveling the signaling network involving 5-HT that partly regulates the release of hormones emanating from the islets of Langerhans. It is widely accepted that failure of the pancreatic β-cell to release sufficient amounts of insulin is the main cul
The introduction first explains the rationale and theoretical and empirical contributions of the edited volume. The book seeks to address a considerable gap of knowledge of the nature of the relationship between institutions governing the climate-energy nexus in a multilevel context. In particular, there is scant research on consequences on the legitimacy and effectiveness of governance arrangemen
The solar neighbourhood contains disc stars that have recently crossed spiral arms in the Galaxy. We propose that boundaries in local velocity distributions separate stars that have recently crossed and been more strongly perturbed by a particular arm from those that haven't. Ridges in the stellar velocity distributions constructed from the second Gaia data release trace orbits that could have tou
