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Lasers and masers have numerous uses in today’s society. Improving our understanding of the underlying physics and its application is thus of great importance. In this paper, the physics of a three-level maser when treated as a heat-engine was investigated: certain levels were coupled to thermal-reservoirs, effectively allowing for pumping without an external bias. The thermodynamical treatment fo
Detta är en kvalitativ studie som avhandlar ämnesintegration och hur det kan tillämpas av lärare i musik och engelska. Den ger även en inblick i hur lärare jobbar med det centrala innehållet i musik, med specifikt fokus på den del som kallas musikens sammanhang och funktion. Fyra lärare med ämneskombinationen musik och engelska har intervjuats. Jag har även gjort litteraturstudier för att få en dj
Studiens fokus ligger i att undersöka unga kvinnors medvetenhet kring användningen av deepfakes inom pornografi samt hur unga kvinnor och deras beteende på sociala medier påverkas av fenomenet. Studien utfördes med en kvantitativ metod i form av en webbenkät samt en kvalitativ metod i form av fem intervjuer. Till skillnad från tidigare forskning ämnar studien att förstå kvinnors agerande på socialThe phenomenon deepfake was created in 2017 and has since developed and received a lot of attention, especially in pornography thus the absolute majority of all deepfakes on the internet are of pornographic content, with 90% of those who are exposed to deepfakes are woman. The purpose of this essay is to investigate young women’s awareness of deepfakes as well as how the phenomenon used in porn co
In response to growing social injustices in cities, bottom-up initiatives are increasingly recognised as sites of resistance and experimentation. I examine how the PARKS project in Hamburg, a temporary, collectively governed green space, challenges neoliberal urban development and envisions socially just green spaces. Adopting a case study approach, I draw on semi-structured interviews, participan
In recent decades, digital markets have become one of the most significant and debated areas not only in the world of politics and economics, but also in legal doctrine and practice. The rapid evolution of dynamic digital markets, coupled with the outline of the Digital Markets Act (DMA), has led to significant debate within EU competition law on the appropriate balance between ex-ante and ex-post
Inom rättsområdet fri rörlighet av arbetare har barnet givits en rätt under Artikel 12 till utbildning i Förordning 1612/68 som barnet kan göra burk av i värd Medlems Staten. För att barnets rätt till utbildning ska bli tillämplig måste barnet flytta och bo tillsammans med föräldern som är arbetare. Likabehandlingsprincipen är tillämplig tillsammans med rätten till utbildning vilken kräver att MedWithin the legal field free movement of workers the child has been given a right under Article 12 in Regulation 1612/68 to education in the host Member State. For the right to apply the child has to move and reside with the worker. The principle of equal treatment applies to the provision, which requires that, the Member State does not discriminate against children to workers. To give the right fu
Vision is often considered to top the hierarchy of the senses, reflected for example in the high relative frequency of vision verbs, in comparison to other perception verbs. Results from some previous studies, however, have shown that there is greater cross-linguistic variation concerning perception language than previously thought, emphasising other sense modalities than vision. This thesis condu
Making Europe climate neutral by 2050 is the primary goal of the European Green Deal. This goal has given rise to sustainable finance and action plans for financing sustainable growth. Such commitment is ensured by the legal initiatives put forward by the Commission. The Non-Financial Reporting Directive introduced the requirements for some firms to produce a sustainability report based on disclos
The incidence of melanoma is rising, increasing the need for efficient diagnostics. Excisional biopsy and histopathology remain the “gold standard” but often require multiple surgical incisions due to limitations in making a visual assessment of melanoma borders either by eye or using dermatoscopy. This challenge partly arises from the inability to non-invasively produce the necessary spectral con
Introduction Many studies have aimed at identifying additional prognostic tools to guide treatment choices and patient surveillance in lung cancer by assessing the expression of individual proteins through immunohistochemistry (IHC) or, more recently, through gene expression-based signatures. As a proof-of-concept, we used a multi-cohort, gene expression-based discovery and validation strategy to
The increasing significance of social economy as a concept is linked to general global processes such as the crisis of the welfare state, neoliberal globalization, anti-bureaucracy tendencies and decentralization, but also to a growing political interest in human rights and social development. In Sweden the idea of the social economy generates wide support within civil society as well as within th
Biological soft tissues exhibit non-linear complex properties, the quantification of which presents a challenge. Nevertheless, these properties, such as skin anisotropy, highly influence different processes that occur in soft tissues, for instance wound healing, and thus its correct identification and quantification is crucial to understand them. Experimental and computational works are required i
Popular Abstract in Swedish Diabetes kännetecknas av förhöjda halter av glukos i blodet och flera vanliga former förekommer. Typ 1 (T1D) diabetes är vanligast förekommande hos barnoch ungdomar och karakteriseras av att de insulin producerande cellerna (s.k. betacellerna) förstörs av kroppens eget immunförsvar, en autoimmun reaktion. Patienter med T1D diabetes kräver insulin för överlevnad och har T1D is most common in children and young adults and is characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin producing pancreatic beta cells, presence of certain risk genotypes such as HLA-DQB1, INS VNTR, PTPN22 and need of insulin for survival. In adults the same situation is often referred to as Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA), with age at onset after 35 years and non-insulin requiring
Factor I (FI) is the major complement inhibitor that degrades activated complement components C3b and C4b in the presence of specific cofactors. Complete FI deficiency results in secondary complement deficiency due to uncontrolled spontaneous alternative pathway activation. In this study we describe two unrelated patients with complete FI deficiency and undetectable alternative complement pathway
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to regulate most biological processes and have been found dysregulated in a variety of diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we characterized miRNAs that associate with susceptibility to develop experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats, a well-established animal model of MS. Using Illumina next-generation sequencing, we detected 544
Biocompatible molecules that undergo self-assembly are of high importance in biological and medical applications of nanoscience. Peptides and bile acids are among the most investigated due to their ability to self-organize into many different, often stimuli-sensitive, supramolecular structures. With the aim of preparing molecules mixing the aggregation properties of bile acid and amino acid-based
