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Olfaction presents a particularly interesting arena to explore abstraction in language. Like other abstract domains, such as time, odours can be difficult to conceptualize. An odour cannot be seen or held, it can be difficult to locate in space, and for most people odours are difficult to verbalize. On the other hand, odours give rise to primary sensory experiences. Every time we inhale we are usi

Background: Occurrence of severe asthma exacerbations are the cornerstone of the evaluation of asthma management, but severe asthma exacerbations are rare events. Therefore, trials that assess drug efficacy on exacerbations are done late in clinical development programmes. We aimed to establish an endpoint capturing clinically relevant deteriorations (diary events) that, when combined with severe

In this chapter, we explore whether eyeblinks can be used as a measurementof spectators’ narrative transportation into a cinematic narrative. In ourexperiment, we show that spectators’ eyeblinks increase when watchingfilm clips together with what might be called congruent music. Increasedeyeblinks indicate an emotional arousal that motivates attention, whichin turn is a prerequisite for narrative

Global demand for transportation biofuels has increased significantly stimulated by policy interventions seeking GHG emission reductions, improved security of supply and rural development opportunities. However the impact on an increasing use of biofuels on land use and cover has become a global concern. While policy interventions have led to increased use of biofuels, certification is often regar

A dose survey of positron emission tomography (PET) examinations was performed in 12 regions of the Russian Federation, where the effective dose values were assessed for the various types of PET examinations. The comparison to similar published data show that the patient doses in Russia are higher than in other countries. Low-dose CT protocols and justification of multiphase CT protocols should be

This work discusses an experimental technique for studying the mechanics of three-dimensional (3D) granular solids. The approach combines 3D X-ray diffraction and X-ray computed tomography to measure grain-resolved strains, kinematics and contact fabric in the bulk of a granular solid, from which continuum strains, grain stresses, interparticle forces and coarse-grained elasto-plastic moduli can b

This chapter expands on three main topics. First, it is argued that the economic historical perspective may contribute to our understanding of present day development processes. Instead of advocating a one-size-fits-all model, an analytical framework is offered based on common traits from diverse examples. Second, the importance of agricultural change on the road towards sustained economic growth

Under the principle of freedom of contract, when two parties begin contract negotiations, they are under no obligation to actually arrive at an agreement and each one carries the risk for its own expenses and losses caused by the negotiations. However, even if the main rule says that each party bears the costs it might have incurred during the negotiations, if the parties do not reach an agreement

Case commentary | “Decision on the Apparent Conflict of Interests in relation to the Legal Representative of Victims a/0015/08...a/0035/08, Prosecutor v. Katanga and Ngudjolo Chui, Case No ICC-01/04–01/07, Pre-Trial Chamber I, 16 July 2008”

Popular Abstract in Swedish Utifrån epigrafiska källor analyserar avhandlingen Afrodites roll som ämbetsmannabeskyddarinna. Huvudmaterialet är 62 dedikationer till Afrodite: inskrifter från ämbetsmän eller dedikationer där gudinnan presenteras med ett epitet som alluderar på ett ämbete, t.ex. Afrodite Strategis, ‘Strategernas Afrodite’. Materialet visar att Afrodite dyrkades av ämbetsmän på ett paThrough the identification of a series of inscriptions, mainly datable to the Hellenistic era, a link between Aphrodite and the civic life and administration of the Greek poleis has come to light. The inscriptions in question are dedications to Aphrodite through which magistrates of various cities and varying status express their devotion to the goddess. In certain dedications, the goddess is even

We know that planetary systems are just as common around white dwarfs as around main-sequence stars. However, self-consistently linking a planetary system across these two phases of stellar evolution through the violent giant branch poses computational challenges, and previous studies restricted architectures to equal-mass planets. Here, we remove this constraint and perform over 450 numerical int

Background: Symptoms have been identified as a core outcome domain for atopic eczema (AE) trials. Various instruments exist to measure symptoms in AE, but they vary in quality and there is a lack of standardization between clinical trials. Our objective was to systematically evaluate the quality of the evidence on the measurement properties of AE symptom instruments, thereby informing consensus di