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Fashion's universal nature does not preclude strong variations in its significance from society to society. As a stratification variable, fashion's importance increases in step with economic growth. Simmel sees the ‘need for distinction’ and the ‘need for union’ as preconditions for fashion, with certain societies lacking the necessary motivation. Variations in fashion's importance have also been
Abstract in UndeterminedFor centuries rammed earth has been a method of construction in various parts of the world. It is an economical building technique as earth is an abundant cheap resource. It is durable, safe and a desirable building technique for hot climates. This paper is discussing a workshop activity in building with sustainable rammed earth construction methods in Egypt. It adds to pre
We offer an analysis of perceptual intersubjectivity (PI) in terms of two types (symmetric and asymmetric) and three levels: synchronous (SPI), coordinated (CPI) and reciprocal (RPI), defined on the basis of the observable behavior of the participants in a study of (non-verbal) social interaction. We hypothesize that the three levels constitute stages in the development and possibly evolution of h
Autoimmune (type 1) diabetes (AI-DM) is a multistage disorder. Children are born genetically predisposed to putative environmental exposures. These trigger an aggressive, selective and chronic autoimmune response against the pancreatic islet beta cells. This stage is marked by autoantibodies against insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), IA-2 and the ZnT8 transporter. Progression to clinica
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid inflammatory mediator which is synthesized by a variety of cells, including monocytes, endothelial cells, mast cells and neutrophils. PAF acts via a recently cloned PAF receptor, present on monocytes and endothelial cells, but not on non-activated lymphocytes. IL-4 is mainly produced by T lymphocytes, and belongs to the Th2 subset of T helper cell
Rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) has over the years demonstrated its strong potential to measure temperature and relative concentrations of major species in combustion. A recent work is the development and experimental validation of a CO2 model for thermometry, in addition to our previous rotational CARS models for other molecules. In the,present work, additional calibrati
Goodpasture's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by pulmonary hemorrhage, glomerulonephritis, and antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies. We have studied a rat model with chimeric proteins (CPs) consisting of portions of the nephritogenic non-collagenous domain of alpha3 type IV collagen (alpha3(IV)NC1) and non-nephritogenic alpha1(IV)NC1. CPs with aminoterminal alpha3 that
The spectroscopic data mercury (Hg) I and Hg II was analyzed from beam-foil spectroscopy. The wavelength was found to be of course fixed and independent of the light source and recording conditions. It was found that if the calculated branching ratio was correct, then the Hg II was an important constituent of fluorescent light tube plasmas. The wavelength region from 40 to 600 nm in overlapping wa
The SI-mediated carotenoid to BChl a energy-transfer pathway and carotenoid radical formation have been studied using femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. A series of LH2 complexes (LH2 = light-harvesting complex 2) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides incorporating carotenoids neurosporene, spheroidene, and spheroidenone were used to explore the effect of conjugation length. The S
Femtosecond and nanosecond photolysis of CH2I2 in acetonitrile at an excitation wavelength of 266-nm yield the ground-state CH2I-I isomer product in similar to70% quantum yield. High isomer formation quantum yields (> 70%) were measured also in n-hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and ethanol using nanosecond photolysis. The CH2I-I product is formed biphasically within similar to15 ps after excita
Popular Abstract in Swedish Ämnen i bröstmjölk kan få cancerceller att begå självmord - in vivo effekter och mekanismer för celldöd Sedan länge är det känt att bröstmjölk skyddar det ammande barnet mot infektioner och hjälper till att bygga upp des's immunförsvar. Ett skyddande ämne som kan bilda's av molekyler från bröstmjölk är HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cell's), som kHAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells), a molecular complex derived from human milk, is an interesting new tool in cancer research since it induces programmed cell death in tumor cells while leaving normal, differentiated cells unharmed. The in vivo effects of HAMLET were studied in a rat xenograft model of human glioblastoma. HAMLET reduced the tumor volume and delayed the o
We consider the implications of a model for long-duration gamma-ray bursts in which the progenitor is spun up in a close binary by tidal interactions with a massive black-hole companion. We investigate a sample of such binaries produced by a binary population synthesis, and show that the model predicts several common features in the accretion on to the newly formed black hole. In all cases, the ac
Time-resolved absorption spectroscopy was used to study the femtosecond and picosecond time scale electron injection from the excited singlet and triplet states of Ru(dcbpY)(2)(NCS)(2) (RuN3) into titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocrystalline particle film in acetonitrile. The fastest resolved time constant of similar to30 fs was shown to reflect a sum of two parallel ultrafast processes, nonergodic ele
Human exposures to metals and metalloids such as arsenic frequently occur as mixtures, and hence it is important to consider interactions among these elements in terms of both mechanisms of action and for risk assessment purposes. Interactions among these elements may produce additive, synergistic/potentiative, or antagonistic effects that may be manifested as direct cellular toxicity (necrosis or
