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Called in after discussions about prognosis between referring clinicians and patients, palliative care consultants sometimes find that the patient does not seem to understand what the referring clinician believes he or she explained. However, holding a more explicit discussion about prognosis may compromise the palliative care clinician's rapport with both the patient and the referring clinician.
When live theatre is broadcast in real time at cinemas around the world, there is a gap in the current terminology. ’Mediatised live’ is a new expression, established in this thesis, to name the media form which has revolutionised the way of experiencing live theatre by broadcasting theatre live to venues around the world. By asking the question ‘Is the need for liveness dying?’ this thesis invest
There is compelling evidence to suggest that estrogen administration to women of climacteric age reduces subsequent myocardial infarction by some 50%. Accumulating data also suggests estrogens confer substantial protection from stroke. Given this rationale, it is prudent to suggest to regulatory bodies that estrogen treatment would have this indication. Estrogens have other well-defined, and less
The incidence of hip fracture in Sweden is substantially lower in immigrants than in the population born in Sweden. Thus, the use of a FRAXA (R) model in immigrants overestimates the risk of fracture, and the use of country of origin-specific models may be more appropriate. Introduction Age-specific fracture and mortality rates vary between countries so that FRAX tools are country-specific. In the
Aortoenteric fistula formation is a devastating condition regardless of whether it is primary or secondary (i.e. after previous aneurysm repair) in nature. Patients present with signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding with or without signs of systemic infection and are often in a very poor clinical condition. Conventional treatment consists of extensive open surgery (extra-anatomical bypas
The research work described in this thesis is concerned with the modification of oxide surfaces, as reflected by its title. The surfaces and their modification have been studied using a range of experimental surface characterization tools, in particular x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning tunneling mic
Water is a necessity for human survival, and a lack of sufficient clean water can have severe negative impacts on human health, economic activity, food security and societal relations. Increasing demand on water resources around the globe often leads to conflicts between different water users who compete for available supplies. The Murray Darling Basin (MDB) in Australia is an area that faces many
Within the circular economy, alternatives to fast-fashion include second-hand clothing consumption. The narratives surrounding second-hand clothing have shifted from the stigma of old, dirty, smelly clothing to trendy, sustainable, and bargain items. The environmental benefits of second-hand are realised through the increased use-intensity and avoided production of new garments. However, these ben
This is the first multi-district Standardised Patient (SP) study in South Africa. It measures the quality of TB screening at primary healthcare (PHC) facilities. We hypothesise that TB screening protocols and best practices are poorly adhered to at the PHC level. The SP method allows researchers to observe how healthcare providers identify, test and advise presumptive TB patients, and whether this
The glymphatic system is a highly polarized cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport system that facilitates the clearance of neurotoxic molecules through a brain-wide network of perivascular pathways. Herein we have mapped the development of the glymphatic system in mice. Perivascular CSF transport first emerges in hippocampus in newborn mice,
