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Objectives: In severe hay fever, some patients are strongly affected despite the use of first-line therapy and are therefore treated with an intramuscular injection of systemic corticosteroid (i.m. SCS) in some countries. The aim of this paper was to explore the efficacy and side effects of a single i.m. SCS injection in hay fever in adults. Data sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library. Method
The dioecious weed Silene latifolia Poiret is thought to have spread northwards through Europe from separate southern source populations and shows a pronounced east–west pattern of differentiation in seed morphology. We used crossing experiments to investigate whether patterns of interfertility in S. latifolia are consistent with a scenario of ongoing speciation (reflected by outbreeding depressio
Carbonyl 13C relaxation experiments to study protein backbone dynamics have recently been developed. However, the effect of three-bond 13C-13C couplings on transverse relaxation measurements appears not to have been considered, and the potential to detect and quantify motions on the millisecond to microsecond time scale has not been fully explored. The present paper addresses these two issues. Sim
The aim of this article is to explain norm change regarding gender and development in the EU. I trace the policy process from initiation to implementation to clarify how new norms were introduced and spread. The article combines a constructivist approach to norm diffusion with a negotiation perspective. Constructivist accounts underline the role of norm entrepreneurs and how they persuade others t
Species evolutionary relationships have traditionally been defined by sequence similarities of phylogenetic marker molecules, recently followed by whole-genome phylogenies based on gene order, average ortholog similarity or gene content. Here, we introduce genome conservation—a novel metric of evolutionary distances between species that simultaneously takes into account, both gene content and sequ
The aim of this review is to examine recent advances in experimental and clinical research relevant to the pathogenesis of diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome with special reference to histopathologic findings, virulence factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, the host response, and the prothrombotic state. Despite significant advances during the past decade, the exact mechani
This study investigates the influence on the realism of confidence judgments of four different factors, the individual, the knowledge domain (crystallized and fluid intelligence), gender and cognitive style (Need-for-Cognition, NfC). Seventy-nine high-school students answered questions on word knowledge (WORD) and logical/spatial ability (DTK), both tests were administered on three occasions with
The Tyranny of Small Steps (TYST) behaviour has been investigated. Explained through a systemic perspective, the behaviour TYST is an unwanted change to a system through a series of small activities that may be independent from one another. These activities are small enough not to be detected by the 'surveillance' within the system, but significant enough to encroach upon the 'tolerance zone' of t
Research in the field of erectile function and dysfunction has continued to expand rapidly. Based on the information available, some directions for future erectile dysfunction therapies can be identified. The first direction is improvement of current therapeutic principles. A second generation of orally active phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors is being introduced, and further developments within
Introduction: Coagulation activation may be related to complications during surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm. The complex formed between activated protein C (APC) and the serpin, protein C inhibitor (PCI), is a sensitive indicator of the activation of blood coagulation. The purpose of the study was to establish whether the APC-PCI complex can provide information useful for the assessment of o
In this paper we are focusing on the practical, engineering way of evaluating and characterizing the multi-channel antenna solutions on the mobile terminal. Two methods of calculating the parameters, describing the diversity performance, are described and the practical use of the methods in simulations and measurements are presented and evaluated. The time saving aspect of using the scattering par
Uptake of P(P-32) and Ca(Ca-45) by seedlings of Picea abies (L.) Karst and Betula pendula Roth, non-mycorrhizal or mycorrhizal with Paxillus involutus (Batsch: Fr) Fr. was studied. Seedlings were grown in unamended peat (pH 4.0) or in peat limed (CaO) to pH 5.1 or 6.1. A double-labelled (P-32 and Ca-45) complete nutrient solution was added to the peat 7 wk after planting. An 8 d period was allowed
Construction industries, especially those in developing countries, face the problems of low productivity. It comes about partly due to organizational ineffectiveness. The major attributes of organizational effectiveness are identified from literature. Means to achieving greater organization effectiveness and higher productivity are identified under the major headings of cohesion and morale of work
1. Although it is well established that hypertension is the main risk factor for stroke, the complexity of cerebrovascular problems related to hypertension is not generally appreciated. 2. Hypertension can cause stroke through many mechanisms. A high intraluminal pressure will lead to extensive alteration in endothelium and smooth muscle function in intracerebral arteries. The increased stress on
