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The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the bone turnover by using bone metabolic markers in relation to previous fracture history and independent of bone mass. Patients and controls were recruited from a population-based study of 193 women, all living in the same city and aged 60, 70, and 80 years. The bone mineral content (BMC) was measured bilaterally in the distal forearm by single-p

Macroporous hydrogels (MHs) have been prepared by cross-linking polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) or cross-linking co-polymerization of HEMA with dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) in semi-frozen state. The MHs are elastic and have a unique structure of large interconnected pores with pore sizes up to 100 µm and total porosity of 94–97%, as demonstrated by micro-computed tomography. The st

Static extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and Soxhlet extraction were compared for simultaneous extraction of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and nonionic surfactants from house dust. Homogenized office floor dust from a vacuum cleaner dust bag ("standard dust") was used for the evaluation. One portion of the extracts was used for analysis of no

Operation of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) enginesare very sensitive to timing variations in the combustion of theair-fuel charge mixture and require precise control of the ignitioninstant to run properly. It is therefore essential to understand thecharacteristics of timing variations under various operatingconditions in order to find suitable control strategies. This paperpresent

The cost of energy for drying paper is substantial for the pulp and paper industry, and studies of various strategies for energy cost reductions such as increased energy efficiency, increased heat recovery from the exhaust drying air and reduced cost of the process heat are presented in this thesis. The energy use and cost studies were performed using a block-model based simulation tool developed

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The synthesis of bis-gamma-amino acid dibenzobarrelene derivatives (9,10-bis-aminomethyl-11,12-bis-carboxy-dibenzobarrelene) is presented. Bromomethylation of anthracene followed by azide substitution gave 9,10-bis-azidomethylanthracene. Azide reduction, N-Boc protection, and Diels-Alder cycloaddition in DMAD furnished the protected 9,10-bis-aminomethyl-11,12-dicarboxy-dibenzobarrelene derivative,

Background. Islet-produced tissue factor (TF) triggers an adverse clotting reaction, the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR), providing a likely explanation for the need of tissue from multiple donors in clinical islet transplantation. In this study, the authors investigated whether compounds previously shown to affect TF and macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 expression i

The role of the electrode material in the efficiency of direct (non-mediated) bioelectrocatalytic reduction of H2O2, catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is studied and discussed. The variations in direct peroxidase bioelectrocatalysis when coming from carbon/graphite to metal electrodes and oxides, as well as modified electrodes, are analyzed regarding the variations in adsorption/orientatio

By combining suitable water preconcentration techniques and Particle-Induced X-ray Emission analysis (PIXE), we have developed a procedure for multielemental sub-ppb water analysis. The preconcentration step consists of adsorbing the metals in the form of organic chelates onto activated carbon, which is pressed to a tablet and then analysed by PIXE. For very low concentrations and small volumes of

In a previous study (Chemical Physics Letters 2005, 401, 385) we computed the optical rotatory dispersion of (S)-propylene oxide in gas phase and solution using the hierarchy of coupled cluster models CCS, CC2, CCSD, and CC3. Even for the highly correlated CC3 model combined with a flexible basis set, the theoretical gas-phase specific rotation at 355 nm was found to be negative in contrast to the

Reconstitution studies of a protein from domain fragments can furnish important insights into the distinctive role of particular domain interactions and how they affect biophysical properties important for function. Using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and a number of spectroscopic and chromatographic tools, including CD, fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography and

This paper is a discussion of theory and methods used in intrasite spatial analysis - the analysis of "living floors". Processes in the formation of the archaeological record such as abandonment, discard, loss, and caching, are discussed. There is also some investigation into factors which may disturb or obscure patterning on an occupation site. Examples to illustrate the discussion are taken from

BACKGROUND: Factors such as age, sex, behaviour problems, fears, earlier traumatic hospital events and reactions to vaccination were assessed together with behaviour observed before premedication in order to evaluate their importance in predicting response to the anaesthetic process. The anaesthetic process was divided into four endpoints; compliance when given premedication, sedation, compliance

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of radiation dose reduction on image ++quality in computed musculoskeletal radiography and determine optimal exposure range. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 11 corpses, 1 hand and 1 hip were examined with film-screen radiography, and a series of computed radiographs was obtained using exactly the same technique except for the exposure, which was 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, an