To obtain full sky coverage, astronomical adaptive optics systemsrequire Na Sodium Beacons (SBs) (also referred to as Laser Guide Starsor LGSs) located at heights extending from 85 to 100 km. When viewed atthe edge of large telescopes these SBs appear elongated. For the Euro5050 meter aperture telescopes this elongation amounts to 6 to 9arcseconds when the laser is launched from a point on the tel

The instrumentation in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility was designed to study electro-and photo-induced reactions at very high luminosity and good momentum and angular resolution for at least one of the reaction products. The central components of Hall A are two identical high resolution spectrometers, which allow the vertical drift chambers in the focal plane to provid

This paper describes how attribute grammars can be used to integrate program visualization in language-based environments and how program visualizations can be specified and generated from grammars. It is discussed how a general solution for a simple grammar can be reused in grammars for other specific languages. As an example we show how diagram generation for a very simple state transition langu

High-spin states of the nucleus Lu-163 have been populated through the fusion-evaporation reaction La-139(Si-29, 5n) with a beam energy of 157 MeV. In addition to the two lowest excited triaxial strongly deformed (TSD) bands, recently interpreted as one- and two-phonon wobbling excitations, a third excited TSD band has been firmly established decaying to the yrast TSD band. The assignment of this

BACKGROUND: Four amino-acid-changing polymorphisms differentiate the blood group A and B alleles. Multiple missense mutations are associated with weak expression of A and B antigens but the structural changes causing subgroups have not been studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Individuals or families having serologically weak B antigen on their red cells were studied. Alleles were characterized by s

BACKGROUND: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is commonly practiced mainly in a belt reaching from East to West Africa north of the equator. The practice is known across socio-economic classes and among different ethnic, religious, and cultural groups. Few studies have been appropriately designed to measure the health effects of FGM. However, the outcome of FGM on intersex individuals has never been

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of acute thrombo-embolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (AOSMA) in a population-based study. MATERIAL: All clinical (n=23,446) and forensic (n=7569) autopsies performed in the city of Malmo between 1970 and 1982 (population 264,000-230,000 inhabitants). The autopsy rate was 87%. METHODS: Calculation of the incidence of AOSMA with intestinal gangre

Primary energy use, emission and the cost of whole energy system chains, from natural resource to end-User, were analysed, in a Swedish context,, hen heating detached houses. Both electricity-based systems employing heat Pumps. boilers. or resistance heaters. and local fuel-based systems (e.g. natural gas. oil and wood fuel) were considered. The base-load electricity was Produced in stand-alone po

In this paper, we present theory and implementation of the first method which combines coupled cluster and molecular mechanics (CC/MM) theory. By introducing the interactions between the solute (QM) and the solvent (MM) molecules into a coupled cluster Lagrangian, we calculate interaction and solvation energies of condensed phase molecules. Also, we derive a hierarchy in the coupling between the t

The title compound, [Au2Fe(C38H37NP2)(SCN)(2)], is a dinuclear gold(I) complex containing an unsymmetrical bidentate ferrocenyl-phosphine ligand. Selected geometrical parameters for the compound are Au-P = 2.265 (2) and 2.260 (3) angstrom, Au-S = 2.327 (3) and 2.313 (3) angstrom, and P-Au-S = 175.61 (9) and 176.86 (9)degrees.

Ecosystem exchanges of CO2 and CH4 were studied by chamber techniques in five different vegetation types in a high arctic valley at Zackenberg, NE Greenland. The vegetation types were categorized as Cassiope heath, hummocky fen, continuous fen, grass land and Salix arctica snowbed. Integrated daytime fluxes for the different vegetation types of the valley showed that the fen areas and the grasslan

Spectral compensation is an information-processing technique applied in the transmitter to improve the spectral efficiency of multicarrier modulation under a given power spectral density constraint. A set of carefully chosen tones, the so-called information tones, carries data. The. remaining tones, referred to as compensation tones, are modulated with a linear combination of the data, such that t

The interaction between DNA and oppositely charged surfactants has been investigated by several techniques, like fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, phase diagram determination, and ellipsometry. The phase behaviour is more strongly associative than that in previously studied systems. A precipitate is formed for very low amounts of surfactant and DNA. DNA compaction is a general phenomen

Objectives: To investigate determinants of joint destruction and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) not treated with bisphosphonates or hormone replacement therapy and to evaluate if there are common markers of erosive disease and bone loss. Methods: BMD was measured using dual x ray absorptiometry and joint damage was examined by x ra

Effects of ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation and acidification on pelagic carbon flux in a humic lake (dissolved organic carbon [DOC] similar to15 mg C L-1) were studied in a mesocosm experiment during the summer of 2000. Triplicate tanks (107 liters volume, 1 m high) were exposed to natural solar radiation, a daily extra dose of UV-B radiation, or kept dark. One set of tanks was submitted to a decreas