Detta kapitel tar ett politiskt perspektiv på liv med artificiell intelligens som exempel. Kapitlet undersöker politiska initiativ om robotar och artificiell intelligens för att se hur beslutsfattare och deras rådgivare resonerar kring frågor om etik, demokrati och ansvar.

Candidate selection is a major function exercised by political parties. Yet they differ a lot regarding who selects their candidates, varying on both dimensions of inclusiveness and centralisation. One can wonder whether these variations in the modes of candidate selection do really matter. The paper classifies ten Belgian political parties, for two federal elections – a regular (2007) and an earl

Political parties throughout Europe are witnessing a significant professionalization of their daily functioning. Professionalization refers to an institutional process “by which professionals become more central to an organization, in this case a party” (Webb & Kolodny 2006: 338). The centrality of professionals is most obvious in parties’ reliance on an expanding body of professional staff me

Political Data Yearbook

This chapter analyses a ‘negative case’ of change in candidate section. Although one expects the political crisis to trigger the emergence of new parties – and together with them of innovative (inclusive) forms of candidate selection, no major reform of internal party democracy has been observed in Belgium. The last decades have witnessed the rise of new parties, but these rather tend to select th

A black box in the study of representation in European democracies is our knowledge about elected but also unelected candidates. What is their background? How are they recruited? What are their campaign aims, strategies, resources and tools? How do they relate to their (constituency and central) party and their voters? How do they consider democratic governance at national and European levels? Thi

The Neotropical region is the most biodiverse on Earth, in a large part due to the highly diverse tropical Andean biota. The Andes are a potentially important driver of diversification within the mountains and for neighboring regions. We compared the role of the Andes in diversification among three subtribes of Ithomiini butterflies endemic to the Neotropics, Dircennina, Oleriina, and Godyridina.

We derive an analytic expression for the composition of a ternary solid material nucleating from a quaternary liquid melt. The calculations are based on the two-component nucleation theory with realistic descriptions of the liquid and solid phases. We apply this theory to gold-catalyzed, nucleation limited vapor-liquid-solid growth of ternary III-V nanowires. We consider ternary gallium, indium, a