Monte Carlo simulations and density functional calculations have been performed for charged macromolecules confined to planar slits. The force between the confining walls has been evaluated as a function of separation, while keeping the chemical potential of the macromolecules constant. Highly charged spherical particles and flexible polyelectrolyte chains in confinement give rise to depletion and

Human actions towards land, freshwater and oceans have already caused biodiversity to decline. This study aims to investigate attitudes towards the conservation of biological biodiversity among different groups in a Swedish city, Kristianstad. An inquiry including statements measuring attitudes towards the conservation of habitats, animals and plants, to the biological diversity within selected lo

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to delineate the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among women who were born between December 2, 1935, and December 1, 1945, and living in the Lund area of southern Sweden and to analyze factors that contribute to the acceptance and continuation of HRT. METHODS: All women received a generic questionnaire pertaining to demographic background, lifestyle, h

We consider the minimum line covering problem: given a set S of n points in the plane, we want to find the smallest number l of straight lines needed to cover all n points in S. We show that this problem can be solved in O(n log l) time if l is an element of O(log(1-is an element of) n), and that this is optimal in the algebraic computation tree model (we show that the Omega(n log l) lower bound h

We assess relative time courses of motor development in ferrets and rats and evaluate ferrets as experimental animals for studies of motor development. Motor behaviour of ferret pups was characterized in daily sessions from postnatal day (P) 2 to P63. Observations concerning rotational locomotion ('pivoting'), crawling, walking, upright standing ('rearing') and walking on a narrow path; righting o

Mediatorless (direct) electron transfer between bare and thiol-modified gold electrodes and fungal laccases from different sources has been demonstrated. The electrochemical activity of the enzymes from basidiomycetes Trametes hirstita. Trametes ochracea, and Cerrena maxima under aerobic and anaerobic conditions can clearly be observed using cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry. Bioelect

The microbial mineralization of phenol and three chlorinated phenols (3,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) in the water column of 23 pristine, oligotrophic lakes of different humic content was investigated. During short-term (approximately 2 d) in situ incubations of water samples amended with C-14-labeled phenolic compounds, the fraction of the added pollutant minerali

A dolerite sill cutting slightly older basalt in west-central Sweden shows a strong chemical variation (54%

Currently there are over 1,000,000 human expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences available on the public database, representing perhaps 50-90% of all human genes. The cDNA microarray technique is a recently developed tool that exploits this wealth of information for the analysis of gene expression. In this method, DNA probes representing cDNA clones are arrayed onto a glass slide and interrogated w

Escherichia coli stimulates neutrophil migration across human uroepithelial cell layers. This study investigated the role of the neutrophil chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in this process. E. coli and IL-1alpha stimulated urinary tract epithelial layers to secrete IL-8 and induced transepithelial neutrophil migration. Anti-IL-8 antibody reduced neutrophil migration across epithelial cell layers, in

BACKGROUND: Hemodilution is used to reduce the need for allogenic blood transfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate to what extent acute extreme normovolemic hemodilution affects the circulatory response to isoflurane. METHODS: Ten midazolam-fentanyl-pancuronium anesthetized pigs were exposed to isoflurane at end-tidal concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2%, before and after extreme norm

The five ribosomal P-proteins, denoted P0-(P1-P2)(2), constitute the stalk structure of the large subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the group of P1 and P2 proteins is differentiated into subgroups that form two separate P1A-P2B and P1B-P2A heterodimers on the stalk. So far, structural studies on the P-proteins have not yielded any satisfactory information usin

OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of the study was to compare observed range and frequency of sexual behavior in 3- to 6-year-olds in two different environments: the home and the daycare center. The study also aimed to investigate parental and staff opinions on child sexual behavior. METHODS: Parents and daycare teachers of 185 preschool children, from different socio-economic housing areas, answered e

In photosynthesis, light-harvesting chlorophyll molecules are shunted between photosystems by phosphorylation of the protein to which they are bound, An anchor for the phosphorylated chlorophyll-protein complex has now been identified in the reaction centre of chloroplast photosystem I. This finding supports the idea that molecular recognition, not membrane surface charge, governs the architecture

The performance of lift-hyperlayer asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation using rapid elution conditions was tested through the separation of standard polystyrene latex particles of diameters from 2 to 20 mum. Optimization of flowrates was studied not only in order to obtain efficient and rapid separation; but also to work under conditions of various shape and steepness of the axial flow veloc

Cytokines such as interleukin 3 (IL-3), kit ligand (KL), and flt3 ligand (FL) promote survival of hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid progenitor cells. In many cell types, members of the Bcl-2 gene family are major regulators of survival, but the mediating mechanisms are not fully understood. Using two myeloid progenitor cell lines, FDCP-mix and FDC-P1, as well as primary mouse bone marrow progen