The problem of reconstructing two-dimensional vector fields from tomographic measurements based on Doppler techniques is addressed. Measurements are made along lines, from which distributions of the field component parallel to the line are obtained. A new transform, the Doppler moment transform, which extracts local information from such data, is introduced. In contrast to most previous approaches

Although N- and P-type Ca2+ channels predominant in fast-secreting systems, Lc-type Ca2+ channels (C-class) can play a similar role in certain secretory cells and synapses. For example, in retinal bipolar cells, Ca2+ entry through the Lc channels triggers ultrafast exocytosis, and in pancreatic beta-cells, evoked secretion is highly sensitive to Ca2+. These findings suggest that a rapidly release

SummaryThe expansion of the European Union during the last 2 yr has resulted in the need for a revision of existing guidelines to further harmonize education and training in the specialty of anaesthesiology throughout the European Union. Although each individual country is responsible for its own training and certification, these guidelines are intended to reflect minimum criteria for specialist t

We sought to evaluate the experiences and knowledge of health care providers in Sweden regarding female genital cutting (FGC) as a health issue. Questionnaires (n = 2,707) were sent to providers in four major cities in Sweden and evaluated by means of descriptive statistics. Twenty-eight percent (n = 769/2,707) responded, of whom 60% had seen such patients. Seven providers, including 2 pediatricia

The aim of this study was to describe young (under the age of 7) children’s needs as expressed by their behavior, body language and verbal expression through observations during their initial hospitalization after being diagnosed with cancer. Twelve children under the age of seven were followed during 26 hours with nonparticipant unstructured observations. Field notes were written after each obser

The brackish water cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena produce the hepatotoxic cyclic pentapeptide nodularin. Intoxications for both human as well as animal may arise when water reservoirs are contaminated with potentially toxic Nodularia species. Here, results of three independent methods for the determination of nodularin in different strains of N. spumigena are presented. The results obtained wi

Acid precipitation may lead to loss of essential elements and increase the concentrations of potentially toxic elements in drinking water. In this study 46 private wells from acid regions (pH < 6.5) were compared with 43 private wells from alkaline areas in southern Sweden. The concentrations of about 30 elements were analysed especially by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy

Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) was measured in three populations using anion-exchange chromatography followed by radioimmunoassay (CDTectTM) and a new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The correlation between the methods in 50 consecutive clinical samples was good (r = 0.87). However, in a set of 49 samples with CDT concentrations close to the reference value of the m

The present study examined the effects of exogenous insulin on C-peptide release in relation to islet activities of neural constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ncNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS). The dose–response curves for glucose-stimulated insulin and C-peptide release from isolated islets were practically identical: 0.05–0.1 nmol/l insulin stimulated, 1–100 nmol/l had no effect, whereas concentr

A new chromatographic method based on affinity supermacroporous monolithic cryogels is developed for binding and analyzing inclusion bodies during fermentation. The work demonstrated that it is possible to bind specific IgG and IgY antibodies to the 15 and 17 amino acids at the terminus ends of a 33 kDa target protein aggregated as inclusion bodies. The antibody treated inclusion bodies from lysed

The single-channel activity of rabbit skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (skeletal RyR) and dog cardiac RyR was studied as a function of cytosolic [Ca2+]. The studies reveal that for both skeletal and cardiac RyRs, heterogeneous populations of channels exist, rather than a uniform behavior. Skeletal muscle RyRs displayed two extremes of behavior: 1) low-activity RyRs (LA skeletal RyRs, approximate

Background and purpose: Brachytherapy is sometimes suggested as an adjuvant treatment after surgery of some tumours. When introducing this, it would be useful to have an estimate of the dose distribution to different body sites, both near and distant to target, comparing conventional external irradiation to brachytherapy. The aim of the present study was to determine radiation doses with both meth

Marker-based studies of inbreeding may lead to an enhanced understanding of inbreeding depression in natural populations, which is a major concern in conservation genetics. Correlations between marker heterozygosity and variation in fitness-associated traits—‘heterozygosityfitness correlations’ (HFCs)—are of particular importance and have been widely applied in natural populations. In partially in

Objectives: To assess the changes in HIV prevalence and incidence between 1996 and 2006 in urban areas of Bissau. Design: A cross-sectional survey of 384 randomly selected houses within a community-based follow-up study of HIV-1 and HIV-2. Methods: A total of 3242 individuals aged at least 15 years were eligible for inclusion. Participants were interviewed about behavioral and socio-economic facto

Objective: A large tidal volume (VT) and lung collapse and re-expansion may cause ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in acute lung injury (ALI). A low VT and a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can prevent VILI, but the more VT is reduced, the more dead space (VD) compromises gas exchange. We investigated how physiological, airway and alveolar VD varied with PEEP and analysed possible lin