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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes1,2 and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type3,4. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases
Among the many approaches to improve the performance of lithium-metal batteries, ternary polyethylene oxide/ionic liquid/lithium salt electrolytes offer several advantages such as low flammability, high conductivity (vs. polyethylene oxide/lithium salt electrolytes) and, to a large extent, limiting the growth of dendrites at moderate currents. However, they suffer from relatively low mechanic
The largest reservoir of carbon in protoplanetary discs is stored in refractory organics, which thermally decompose into the gas phase at the organics line located well into the interior of the water iceline. Because this region is so close to the host star, it is often assumed that the released gaseous material is rapidly accreted and has little effect on the evolution of the disc composition. Ho
We consider a shape optimization based method for finding the best interpolation data in the compression of images with noise. The aim is to reconstruct missing regions by means of minimizing a data fitting term in an Lp-norm, for 1 ⩽ p < + ∞, between original images and their reconstructed counterparts using linear diffusion PDE-based inpainting. Reformulating the problem as a constrained optimiz
We propose a machine learning-enhanced chemistry coordinate mapping (CCM) method that accelerates the integration of detailed chemical kinetics in reactive flow simulations by grouping chemically similar computational cells into clusters/zones within a low-dimensional latent space. Unlike original CCM methods that rely on manually selecting latent variables, our approach automatically discovers co
(Graph Presented) In the search for new cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries, conversion-type materials have great potential because of their ability to achieve high specific capacities via the full utilization of transition metal oxidation states. Here, we report for the first time that copper phosphate can be used as a novel high-capacity cathode for rechargeable Li batteries, ca
A Na2MnPO4F/C nanocomposite material is successfully synthesized via spray drying, followed by a high-temperature sintering method. It is shown that the highly phase-pure Na2MnPO4F with symmetry of the P21/n space group is uniformly embedded in the carbon networks, which play a key role in building up a highly efficient, electron-flow channel and elevating the electronic conductivity of the nanoco
Facilitated CO stripping: Partial metallization of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) by electroreduction in the molten, eutectic mixture of CaCl2 and NaCl at 600 °C produces nano- and submicro-sized Ti2O and CaδTiOx (perovskites, x/× δ 2) that can significantly promote the catalytic activity of Pt NPs towards the oxidation of CO and CH3OH in acidic solutions
Background: Graft rejection (GR) is common complication after haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo-HCT). There are only a few studies describing the clinical presentation and potential risk factors of GR, and the optimal rescue strategy is not established. Objectives: To evaluate the cumulative incidence and potential risk factors for GR following haplo-HCT, and to compare surv
The relation between moisture content of a material and the ambient climate is described by sorption isotherms. Several models for prediction of sorption isotherms exist in the hygroscopic moisture range, but models of sorption isotherms in the over-hygroscopic range are less abundant. In wood, water can be present both in the solid cell wall and in the macro voids (e.g. cell lumina, pit chambers)
Iron has many important functions related to energy metabolism. However, hemoglobin synthesis is always a priority. Iron deficiency can be caused by increased loss, insufficient intake, or decreased absorption from the intestine and reduced release from depots in systemic inflammation. Anemia appears when stores are depleted or when utilization of iron from the stores is impaired. Treatment with o
The development and application of Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) sensing to study metal electroplating, especially for energy storage purposes, are reviewed. The roles of EQCM in describing electrode/electrolyte interface dynamics, such as the electric double-layer build-up, ionic/molecular adsorption, metal nucleation, and growth, are addressed. Modeling of the QCM sensor is
The increasing environmental crisis caused by plastic pollution, water contamination, and air pollution has driven the search for sustainable alternatives to conventional polymeric membranes. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-based nanofiber membranes have emerged as biodegradable alternatives to conventional polymeric membranes, offering high porosity, tunable mechanical properties, and environmental co
Na2FePO4F is a promising cathode material for Na-ion batteries owing to its relatively high discharge voltage and excellent cycling performance. Now, the long- and short-range structural evolution of Na2FePO4F during cycling is studied by in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction (XRD), ex situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and first-principles DFT calculations. DFT calculations sugges
Histatins are a family of multifunctional, cationic histidine-rich saliva peptides. The most prominently represented are Histatin 1, Histatin 3, and Histatin 5. Despite considerable similarities in primary structure, the three members are known to display varied antimicrobial properties and healing abilities. This study aims to provide a detailed structural comparison of Histatin 1, Histatin 3, an
Propagation of intense X-ray pulses through dense media has led to the observation of phenomena such as atomic X-ray lasing1,2, self-induced transparency3 and stimulated X-ray Raman scattering (SXRS)4. SXRS has been long predicted as a means to launch and probe valence-electron wavepackets and as a building block for nonlinear X-ray spectroscopies5,6. However, experimental observations of SXRS to
Background In ovarian cancer (OvCa), achieving complete resection (RO) in initial surgery is crucial for improving prognosis. However, patients with undetected microscopic metastasis post-RO surgery often have poorer outcomes. This study explores prognostic factors for OvCa patients who underwent RO surgery, focusing on the role of ascites cytology as an indicator of microscopic peritoneal metasta
Recent hydrodynamical simulations of isolated barred disc galaxies have suggested a structural change in the distribution of the interstellar medium (ISM) around a stellar mass M∗ of 1010 M⊙. In the higher-mass regime (M∗ ≤ 1010 M⊙), we observe the formation of a central gas and stellar disc with a typical size of a few hundred parsecs connected through lanes to the ends of the stellar bar. In the
