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Industriella revolutionen är en av de största stegen människan tagit i sin utveckling som art. Idag, ungefär två sekel senare kantas samhället med problem såsom föroreningar och hög energiförbrukning. En central aktör i denna utveckling är den kemiska industrin – en vital sektor som, särskilt inom områden som läkemedelsutveckling, har expanderat kraftigt under 1900-talet. I EU under 2020, producerChemical waste from industrial processes poses a significant environmental challenge, often resulting from inefficient synthetic routes that involve excess reagents and ineffective methods. The principles of atom and step economy have become central to modern synthetic strategies, aiming to minimize waste and maximize molecular efficiency. In this context, photo-redox catalysis has emerged as a co

This thesis investigates the ecological and urban regeneration of the Svisloch River in Minsk, focusing on its central urban segment. Historically a natural watercourse and public axis, the Svisloch has undergone a significant transformation into a technically regulated water body, reflecting the city's changing priorities as a result of Soviet-era infrastructure development and contemporary u

This research has been conducted to measure the brake particle emission from freight trains drag braking operation. It only focuses on mechanical brakes by using two different brake pad material one is sintered, and another one is composite, in combination with grey cast iron brake disc. All the materials have been collected from real time braking operations from Green cargo. This research is an e

Assessing credit risk for European utility companies is difficult due to the limited number of defaults and differences in data availability between firms. This thesis develops a hybrid framework to estimate one-year Probability of Default for a portfolio of European utilities, combining a market-based structural model for publicly traded companies with a financial ratio-based scoring model for pr

Problem: The Milky Way disk consists of two distinct components, the thin and thick disk, each with unique kinematical, elemental, and age-related properties. Among all the properties considered, age stands out as the only one that does not exhibit significant overlap, thereby offering clearer separation between the populations. Stellar ages, determined through isochrone fitting, are reliable main

Extremophilic bacteria, like Rhodothermus marinus, hold promising potential to be used as non-model cell factories for the production of various metabolites, such as carotenoids or exopolysaccharides, due to their inherent adaptability to extreme environmental conditions. This study explores the production, isolation, and characterisation of carotenoids from an engineered R. marinus strain termed

This thesis examines the causes and effects of the 1762 prohibition introduced by the Swedish diet against the collection of seabird eggs. The study lies at the intersection of environmental, political, animal, and hunting history, focusing on environmental regulations concerning huntable species imposed by political authorities. Previous research has largely accepted the prohibition as a given, w

The fundamental way to optimize hedging transactions is to improve trading technology. This thesis uses AI to process the fat-tail part of financial data and optimizes the classic hedge error loss problem. Fat-tail data indicates large price changes, contains a lot of information, and has a large degree of data dispersion, which is suitable for AI processing. Investors will only trade when they se

Denna studien syftar till att undersöka om könsidentitet och stereotyper är relaterade till hur svenska medborgare med B-körkort bedömer sin egen kompetens inom bil- och trafikkunskaper, samt om dessa variabler ger upphov till överkonfidens inom det valda ämnet. Tidigare forskning visar att det existerar föreställningar och stereotyper om att män är bättre bilförare än kvinnor, men också att dettaThis study aims to examine whether gender identity and stereotypes has an impact on how Swedish citizens with class B driving licence self-assess their competence regarding driving knowledge, as well as if these variables contribute to overconfidence within the chosen subject. Earlier research has found that stereotypes, that men have better driving knowledge than women, exists. This further leads

The way resources are extracted, consumed and handled after use puts pressure on the environment. In order to slow down the flow of resources, circularity has emerged as a solution by the EU through the Circular Economy Action Plan. To make the transition to a circular economy possible, companies have to adjust their business models accordingly and Product-as-a-Service is one of many circular busi

The Integration of Machine Learning in OFDM Receivers The integration of Machine Learning (ML) into various fields has prompted exploration into the effectiveness of advanced ML architectures within Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) receivers. Prior work by Nvidia demonstrated the promise of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in replacing key components of a traditional receiver, surpas

In this work, we study how Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus scattering processes can be used to probe both B-L as well as Li-Lj dark matter models. While the B-L model is assumed to have no kinetic mixing, the whole interaction coming from the Standard Model particle’s coupling to the dark gauge field, the Li-Lj requires mixing to be detectable. The influence of free parameters (the dark coupling

Bakgrund: Nyexaminerade sjuksköterskor upplever ofta arbetsrelaterad stress i övergången från student till yrkesverksam. Det kan påverka både deras hälsa och kvaliteten på vården samt leda till att färre väljer att stanna kvar inom yrket. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa nyexaminerade sjuksköterskors upplevelser av arbetsrelaterad stress. Metod: En icke-systematisk litteraturstudie av kval

Att göra AI smart med små medel – ny metod utmanar gamla träningssätt Under de senaste åren har det blivit allt tydligare att när tillräckligt stora språkmodeller tränas på enorma mängder text, lyckas de extrahera förvånansvärt mycket kunskap. Det leder till en rik representation av världen och en bred uppsättning färdigheter, vilket gör modellerna mycket användbara inom allt från att ge medicinsLarge language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable capabilities but remain costly to deploy at scale. Knowledge distillation offers a way to transfer knowledge from large, high-capacity models into smaller, more efficient ones. This thesis investigates two key questions: (1) how specific design choices affect distillation performance, and (2) how distillation can be effectively performed in the

The purpose of this study was to illustrate social workers' experiences of treatment work with men who use, or have used, violence against their female partners and how they feel that the legal clarification in SoL affected the conditions for the treatment work with violent men. The study was based on semi-structured interviews with seven social workers from seven different cities in Sweden wh

Enzymatic hydrolysis using immobilized lipases for the production of free fatty acids and glycerol is a promising alternative to the current industrial standard. This study investigates a set of hydrolysis reactions catalysed by four different immobilization techniques to increase the knowledge on two-phase systems. The evaluation of how water purity, buffer salts, and water amount affect the reac

This study explores the renewable energy cooperation between China and the Gulf countries, particularly Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, focusing on how this collaboration addresses underlying structural asymmetries. These asymmetries include China's technological advancements, institutional frameworks, and discursive power, as well as the Gulf's resource and capital endowments.

This thesis investigates the effects of monetary policy shocks, both domestically from the Swedish Riksbank and internationally from the European Central Bank, on eight macro-sensitive Swedish equity indexes over the time period 2004-2024. Employing high-frequency yield changes around policy announcements, we extract level, slope and curvature factors via principal component analysis and use these