Den 23 mars 2010 utfärdades “the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act”. Lagen innebär en omfattande reform av det amerikanska sjukvårdsförsäkringssystemet. Enligt en viss bestämmelse i lagen är envar skyldig att inneha sjukvårdsförsäkring, vid äventyr av böter (26 U.S.C. § 5000A). Bestämmelsens grundlagsenlighet är omtvistad; lagprövning pågår i federala distrikts- och appellationsdomstolar The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, a major health insurance overhaul, was signed into law on March 23, 2010. The Act has been challenged on federalism grounds in a number of cases to date. In particular, the lawsuits have targeted the individual mandate provision – a provision that requires most people living in the United States to obtain health insurance coverage or pay a certain am

Den svenska flernivådemokratin innebär att ansvaret över byggnadspolitiken vilar såväl hos staten som hos landets kommuner. Sedan den första byggnadsstadgan beslutades i riksdagen har maktfördelningen mellan nivåerna förändrats. Denna uppsats undersöker vilka resultat dessa förändringar lett till med tonvikten lagd på samtiden och de nu gällande författningarna Plan- och bygglagen och Miljöbalken.

This paper examines the short run impact of commodity prices and traditional exchange rate determinants on the exchange rates of Australia and New Zealand against the U.S. dollar. Using a multiple OLS regression we find that for both countries the commodity price variable has a significant effect on the exchange rate. We also find that inflation differentials has an effect, although positive, whic

Studien undersöker klinisk förändring hos sju vuxna individer med ADHD efter färdighetsträning enligt Hesslingers modell i psykiatrisk öppenvård. Kognitiv funktion har undersökts med WAIS delskalor Arbetsminne och Snabbhetsindex och med IVA+PLUS skalor Uppmärksamhet och Responskontroll. Självupplevda psykiatriska symtom har undersökts med självskattningsformulären SCL-90 och ASRS. Resultaten har b

Vid Fysikum i Lund kom jag i kontakt med två kurser som heter upptäckarklubben och Forskarklubben. Båda är experimentella fysikkurser som riktar sig till barn i 6-7 respektive 8-9 årsålder. Efter att ha handlett de två kurserna upptäckte jag en efterfrågan av en tredje efterföljande kurs. Där föddes iden till skapandet av Geniklubben som riktar sig till barn i 12 årsåldern. Syftet var detsamma som

En utökning av EU:s medlemsstaters nationella koncernbeskattningssystem till att även inkludera gränsöverskridande aktiviteter har under en lång tid varit uppe för debatt inom den Europeiska Unionen. Den Europeiska Kommissionen har presenterat kommunikationer och utkast till direktiv som syftar till att harmonisera de nationella reglerna på området, framförallt i förhållande till utjämning av förlThe extension of Member States domestic group taxation schemes to also involve cross-border activities has for long been debated within the European Union. The European Commission has put forward various communications and draft directives in order to harmonize the national laws in that area, in particular in relation to relief of losses occurred at a subsidiary resident in a state other than its

This work presents the synthesis and structural characterization of titanate nanoproducts, focusing on the effect induced by the presence of silver ion in different concentrations. The synthesis and chemical analysis using TEM, XRD and EDX were performed at the University of Szeged in Hungary. The XAS analysis was done at the MaxLab synchrotron facility in Lund University, Sweden. From the analysi

Analysis of rail capacity - Investigation of capacity limits Västkustbanan was first recognized by the Swedish Parliament over 50 years ago, when it was decided that the entire route would be equipped with phased out double-track extension. The main purpose was to cope with the future traffic development, along the railway corridor. Since the decision was made, the phased out double-track extensio

Alternative 13-meter roads (2 +1 roads) has recently become a major part of the Swedish road network, in 2008 there were around 1280 km of 2 +1. Since these roads have major downsides for the vulnerable road users, it is important to review the design of the places where the vulnerable road users have to cross the road. The traffic is affecting both environment and humans at three levels, local, r

Principen om fri överlåtbarhet av aktier är central visavi idén om aktiebolaget som kapitalassociation och tjänar nyttiga syften. Dock finns goda skäl för undantag, varför överlåtelseförbehåll får nyttjas antingen i bolagsordning eller i aktieägaravtal. Rättsverkningarna skiljer sig väsentligt, men det finns för och nackdelar med en reglering vad gäller båda instituten. I svensk rätt accepteras

Sedan 1990 och fram till 2009 har en tredjedel av Sveriges biblioteksfilialer lagts ned. Vårt arbete syftar till att studera orsakerna till varför den successiva nedläggningen av folk- och filialbibliotek sker, en frågeställning utan entydiga svar. I arbetet diskuteras olika tänkbara orsaksfaktorer, fokus ligger dock på en fallstudie av Växjö kommuns omstrukturering av sin biblioteksverksamhet. Vi

This study discusses the image of Sweden and Swedish society in Swedish-language instructional material used in the Swedish-language course for immigrants (S.F.I.). As such, the main source material for this study has been different textbooks used as instructional material in the S.F.I. course from 1967-2005. Theoretically, this study takes its inspiration from the branch of discourse analysis kno

Introduction and aim: In SPECT imaging, the finite spatial resolution of the imaging system leads to a blurring of the reconstructed image. Consequently, counts originating from each point in the source distribution will be spread out over a volume in the reconstructed image, leading to spill-over of counts between different structures and distortion of the apparent activity concentration. This pr

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to develop a technique for automatic segmentation based on Fourier descriptors for separating smooth objects from the background in SPECT-images. The aim of the segmentation method was to be able to automatically outline kidneys in SPECT-images of patients undergoing radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE. The potential advantage of combining SPECT- an

Purpose: The main purposes of this study is to a) evaluate the suitability of a Varian aS1000 EPID as a safe quality assurance device for control of machine specific parameters, such as linac output, beam quality and beam symmetry, and b) to investigate the usefulness of the SPC concept for evaluation of the obtained data. Method and Materials: Measurements were performed using a Varian Clinac 23

Radiochromic film, polymer gel and radiochromic plastic are three different kinds of dosimeters developed for radiation therapy. Even though all three types of dosimeters are suitable for optical scanning, the proposed readout method is different for each detector system. In this study, the scanning properties of three optical CT scanners were investigated to determine if they could be developed i

Diffusion MRI is an imaging technique capable of inferring information about the tissue microstructure, based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Diffusion MRI data can be analysed using tractography, a tool able to represent the structure of the white matter (WM) in the brain. Tractography is commonly used qualitatively, but in this report, an algorithm for quantitative tractography was develope

Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI or DTI) is an imaging technique that is sensitive to the diffusion movement of water contained in tissue. It is used to quantify parameters such as the diffusivity and its directionality. Because diffusion is intimately connected to the tissue microarchitecture DTI is one of the few techniques that can quantify tissue microstructure non-invasivel

Breast tomosynthesis (BT) is a new X-ray modality that reconstructs the breast volume in many slices instead of, as in mammography, showing a single 2D projection of the breast. The slice thickness is typically 1 mm for clinically used BT-units. In screening the review of breast images with BT takes two to four times longer than the review of mammography images. In an effort to reduce the review t

Introduction: Arterial spin labelling (ASL) is a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for assessment of perfusion. ASL uses magnetically labelled blood water as a diffusible endogenous tracer to measure the perfusion of brain tissue, i.e. the cerebral blood flow (CBF). Traditionally, ASL samples images at a specific point in time allowing the CBF to be calculated using a model o