Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium that causes sepsis and infections of the nervous system, and the digestive and urinary tracts. The availability of the complete nucleotide sequence encoding the E. coli K-12 genome has made this organism an excellent model for proteomic studies. Semi-preparative two-dimensional electrophoresis, including liquid phase isoelectric focusing (IEF), one-dim

Mass spectrometry has emerged as a core technique for protein identification and characterization because of its high sensitivity, accuracy, and speed of analysis. The most widespread strategy for studying global protein expression in biological systems employs analytical two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) followed by enzymatic degradation of isolated protein spots, pepti

This review focuses on the contributions of modern mass spectrometry to neuropeptide research. An introduction to newer mass spectrometric techniques is provided. Also, the use of mass spectrometry in combination with high-resolution separation techniques for neuropeptide identification in biological samples is illustrated. The amino acid sequence information that is important for the identificati

Helicobacter pylori is an important human gastric pathogen for which the entire genome sequence is known. This microorganism displays a uniquely complex pattern of binding to complex carbohydrates presented on host mucosal surfaces and other tissues, through adhesion molecules (adhesins) on the microbial cell surface. Adhesins and other membrane-associated proteins are important targets for vaccin

A quick two-step procedure involving liquid phase isoelectric focusing in the Rotofor cell in combination with electroelution in the Mini whole cell gel eluter has been used for purification of proteins from human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Fractions, each highly enriched in a single protein band and virtually free of other proteins, were selected for characterization by matrix-assisted laser deso

Popular Science AbstractHow well bees can see the world?aBees such as bumblebees and honeybees are some of the most important pollinators. They pollinate by using different sensory cues from the flowers, primarily vision and olfaction. In my PhD I was interested in understanding how well bees can see while they are inspecting flowers as well as while they are performing high-speed flight maneuversBees use multiple sensory modalities to perform day-to-day tasks. Light allows them to perceive objects and the general features of their surroundings, enabling them to find food and to navigate safely across the landscape. Although both these tasks involve vision, the requirements of the visual system differ depending upon what the bee wants to achieve; locate a flower to feed from or adjust its

The integrated urban wastewater system (UWS) consists of different sections that are interconnected. These include: i) catchment; ii) sewer network; iii) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP); and finally, iv) receiving water system. Traditionally, these sections are operated and evaluated individually. However, it is now well-established that all the sections of an UWS should be operated in a holisti

There is a rising proportion of aging population worldwide. The high vulnerability of older adults to morbidity and mortality introduces an enormous health and economic burden to themselves and the society. The established leading cause of death among older adults is due to chronic and vascular diseases. These conditions are related to the nutritional status and are preventable with the help of ac

The general aim of the research presented in this thesis was to contribute to the understanding of how breast cancer patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations should be treated medically and surgically, and furthermore, to characterize the limitations and strengths of different procedures for BRCA testing. In Paper I, the long-term prognosis was assessed in a cohort of early-onset breast cancer pat