We explore the gravitational instability of clumpy and turbulent gas discs, taking into account the Larson-type scaling laws observed in giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and H i, as well as more general scaling relations. This degree of freedom is of special interest in view of the coming high-z interstellar medium surveys and is thus potentially important for understanding the dynamical effects of t

The effects of particle discreteness in N-body ACDM simulations are still an intensively debated issue. In this paper we explore such effects, taking into account the scatter caused by the randomness of the initial conditions and focusing on the statistical properties of the cosmological density field. For this purpose, we run large sets of ACDM simulations and analyze them using a wide variety of

In a Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology, the Milky Way accretes satellites into the stellar disc. We use cosmological simulations to assess the frequency of near disc plane and higher inclination accretion events, and collisionless simulations of satellite mergers to quantify the final state of the accreted material and the effect on the thin disc. On average, a Milky Way-sized galaxy has three s

Predicting the flux of dark matter particles through the Earth is vital for current and future direct dark matter detection experiments. To date, such predictions have been based on simulations that model the dark matter alone. Here we make the first attempt to include the influence of the baryonic matter. We show that the presence of a stellar/gas disc at high redshift (z ∼ 1) causes merging sate

We have carried out a comparison study of hydrodynamical codes by investigating their performance in modelling interacting multiphase fluids. The two commonly used techniques of grid and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) show striking differences in their ability to model processes that are fundamentally important across many areas of astrophysics. Whilst Eulerian grid based methods are able t

N-body simulations sample their initial conditions on an initial particle distribution, which for cosmological simulations is usually a glass or grid, while a Poisson distribution is used for galaxy models, spherical collapse, etc. These pre-initial conditions have inherent correlations, noise due to discreteness, and preferential alignments, while the glass distribution is poorly defined and comp

Since its discovery in 1996, the source of the bright Ha emission (up to 750 mR) along the Magellanic Stream has remained a mystery. There is no evidence of ionizing stars within the H I stream, and the extended hot halo is far too tenuous to drive strong shocks into the clouds. We now present a hydrodynamical model that explains the known properties of the Ha emission and provides new insights on

Let C be the unit circle in R2. We can view C as a plane graph whose vertices are all the points on C, and the distance between any two points on C is the length of the smaller arc between them. We consider a graph augmentation problem on C, where we want to place k⩾1 shortcuts on C such that the diameter of the resulting graph is minimized. We analyze for each k with 1⩽k⩽7 what the optimal set of

Time-lapse resistivity surveys are used to monitor changes in the subsurface. In some situations, it is known that the resistivity will only decrease (or increase) with time. The 4-D ERT smoothness-constrained inversion method, that includes temporal smoothness constraint, has proved to be a robust method that reduces artefacts due to noise. However, in some cases, the time-lapse inverse models mi

Purpose: We applied Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods in a structured benefit–risk assessment of cladribine and newer approved disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods: Decision conferencing with clinical neurologists as decision makers was used to create an MCDA model that incorporated available evidence on DMDs for RRMS

Eddy correlation measurements of CO2 fluxes over grassland on peat soil were performed from April to October 1994. In this article the measurement system is described and some results are discussed. The closed path system was compared with an open path eddy correlation system developed at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) in December 1994. Fluxes deduced from the results of the

The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a growing problem worldwide. Numerous studies have demonstrated that heavy metals facilitate the spread of bacterial drug-resistance in the environment. However, the actions and mechanisms of metals at relatively low sub-lethal levels (far below the minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC]) on antibiotic resistance remain unclear. In this study, we investiga

Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) and recurrent otitis media (rAOM) are two common diagnoses in childhood, both of which are treated with grommets, or ventilation tubes. It is known that affected children have a worse quality of life (QoL), and various questionnaires have been used to evaluate this. The national Swedish quality register for grommet insertions contains some QoL questions

Remanufacturing is proposed as a strategy to develop circular business models to manage resource loops in the future circular economy (CE). If remanufacturing is to occupy a central role in the CE it needs to be considered from a series of complementary and synchronous business activities. Thus, the aim of this article is to investigate how such an integrated perspective can drive sustainable valu

A double quantum dot system with a definitive transverse electric field in the plane of the sample is defined by combining a facile side-gating technique with enhancement mode InAs nanowires. Positive bias on the plunger gates enhance quantum dot segments along the nanowire, negative bias on barrier gates deplete regions, and situating gates biased at opposite polarities on opposing sides of the n

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a deep learning-based method for segmentation of bones in CT scans and test its accuracy compared to manual delineation, as a first step in the creation of an automated PET/CT-based method for quantifying skeletal tumour burden. Methods: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were trained to segment 49 bones using manual segmentations from 100 CT scans.

Devising a robust, efficient and cost effective hemoglobin (Hb) purification strategy is one of the key challenges in the development of Hb-based blood substitutes. The aim of this study was to use molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as a novel and efficient chromatographic resin to selectively recognize and purify different Hb variants. The results showed that the Hb-MIP material developed here