If we find life on another world, it will be an extremely important discovery and we will have to take great care not to do anything that might endanger that life. If the life we find is sentient we will have moral obligations to that life. Whether it is sentient or not, we have a duty to ourselves to preserve it as a study object, and also because it would be commonly seen as valuable in its own If we find life on another world, it will be an extremely important discovery and we will have to take great care not to do anything that might endanger that life. If the life we find is sentient we will have moral obligations to that life. Whether it is sentient or not, we have a duty to ourselves to preserve it as a study object, and also because it would be commonly seen as valuable in its own

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) can form functional oligomers and in some cases, insoluble disease related aggregates. It is therefore vital to understand processes and mechanisms that control pathway distribution. Divalent cations including Zn2+ can initiate IDP oligomerisation through the interaction with histidine residues but the mechanisms of doing so are far from understood. Here we

High-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) images of silicalite (ZSM-5) along [010] were taken with a 400-kV EM with a resolution of 1.6 Å. The images contain a dark contrast in the centers of the main channels, where there are no atoms. This contrast is an artifact and is not appreciable in the HREM images which have been published so far. That this problem can be overcome by choosing the proper

The Precautionary Principle is both celebrated and criticized. It has become an important principle for decision making, but it is also subject to criticism. One problem that is often pointed out with the principle is that is not clear what it actually says and how to use it. I have taken on this problem by performing an analysis of some of the most influential formulations of the principle in an

Intergrowths of hexagonal and cubic phases of faujasitic structure have been synthesised using crown ether templates and the phase integrity monitored by high-resolution electron microscopy.

A method for preparing ultrathin sections (- 20 nm) of inorganic solids has been developed using ultramicrotomy of resin-embedded crystal fragments. Undamaged crystals, oriented along a crystallographic direction, could be imaged with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at a resolution better than 0.5 nm. The true internal structure of the crystals could be investigated by imaging the second in

Vitamin C is one of the most effective natural antioxidants. However, due to its poor solubility in non-aqueous environments, its use is restricted to water-based systems. In order to extend its advantages to lipophilic media, vitamin C must be converted into amphiphilic derivatives. Two new vitamin C-based surfactants were synthesized: a bolaform derivative (1,12-diascorbyl dodecanedioate, BOLA12

Mesoporous silica can be formed with amphiphilic molecules acting as structure-directing templates in dilute systems. The templating properties of five related triblock copolymers, (EO)x-(PO)y-(EO)x (Pluronic L101, P103, P104, P105, and F108), have been investigated regarding the length of the EO blocks as well as the temperature of the synthesis. It was found that the number of EO units is essent

Acute hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in trauma, and women are more susceptible to hypovolemic circulatory stress than men. The mechanisms underlying the susceptibility are not clear, however. The aim of the present study was to examine the compensatory mechanisms to defend central blood volume during experimental hypovolemia in women and men. Twenty-two women (23.1 +/- 0.4 yr) and 16 men (

Diabetes mellitus is associated with decreased haemodynamic stability and reduced tolerance to hypovolaemia. Compensatory haemodynamic responses during experimental hypovolaemia in type 1 diabetes patients with (DMR+) and without (DMR-) retinopathy as well as healthy controls (C) were studied. Lower body negative pressure created hypovolaemic circulatory stress. Volumetric techniques were used to

The cardiovascular regulation in humans depends to a major extent on sympathetic reflexes originating from volume receptors in the arterial as well as the cardiopulmonary region. With experimental approaches, such as lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and tilting, signs of reduced efficiency with ageing have been shown. However, a confounding factor may be an age-related decline in venous capacit