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When reconstructing combined defects of the cervical spine and the posterior pharyngeal wall the goals are bone stability along with continuity of the aerodigestive tract. We present a case of a patient with a cervical spine defect, including C1 to C3, associated with a posterior pharyngeal wall defect after excision of a chordoma and postoperative radiotherapy. The situation was successfully solv
Microdialysis enables the chemistry of the extracellular interstitial space to be monitored. Use of this technique in patients with acute brain injury has increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of several acute neurological disorders. In 2004, a consensus document on the clinical application of cerebral microdialysis was published. Since then, there have been significant advances in th
Aquaporin TIP2;1 is a protein channel permeable to both water and ammonia. The structural origin of ammonia selectivity remains obscure, but experiments have revealed that a double mutation renders it impermeable to ammonia without affecting water permeability. Here, we aim to reproduce and explain these observations by performing an extensive mutational study using microsecond long molecular dyna
Plants integrate widely fluctuating temperatures to monitor seasonal progression. Here, we investigate the temperature signals in field conditions that result in vernalisation, the mechanism by which flowering is aligned with spring. We find that multiple, distinct aspects of the temperature profile contribute to vernalisation. In autumn, transient cold temperatures promote transcriptional shutdow
Interleukin (IL)-33 is an IL-1 family alarmin released from damaged epithelial and endothelial barriers to elicit immune responses and allergic inflammation via its receptor ST2. Serine proteases released from neutrophils, mast cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes have been proposed to process the N-terminus of IL-33 to enhance its activity. Here we report that processing of full length IL-33 can occur
Detailed phenotyping is required to deepen our understanding of the biological mechanisms behind genetic associations. In addition, the impact of potentially modifiable risk factors on disease requires analytical frameworks that allow causal inference. Here, we discuss the characteristics of Recall-by-Genotype (RbG) as a study design aimed at addressing both these needs. We describe two broad scen
Several health benefits have been established for cereal mixed-linkage β-glucan of high molar mass (M), and are said to be attributed to the ability of β-glucan to form viscous slurries in the gut. As no comprehensive understanding exists yet, the characterization of β-glucan solution behavior is crucial. β-Glucan was characterized in terms of M, molecular size and conformation characteristics in
Consider a pattern graph H with l edges, and a host graph G which may contain several occurrences of H. In [15], we claimed that the time complexity of the problems of finding an occurrence of H (if any) in G as well as that of the decision version of the problem are within a multiplicative factor O˜(l3) of the time complexity for the corresponding problem, where the host graph is guaranteed to co
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is widespread, affecting the health of hundreds of millions worldwide. The disease results from the complex interplay of lifestyle factors acting on a backdrop of inherited DNA risk variants. Detecting and understanding biomarkers, whether genotypes or other downstream biological features that dictate a person's phenotypic response to different lifestyle exposures, may have t
A system consisting of a high-pressure tolerant microfluidic glass chip, high-speed absorbance imaging, and image processing has been developed to study rapid dynamic events like pH change in a multiphase flow. The system gives both kinetic and quantitative equilibrated information. By tracking the interactions of aqueous additive mixtures and liquid CO2, at 80 bar and 24 °C, under flow, measureme
Background: Healthy dietary and physical activity behaviours are established early in life where children learn by observing their parents. Therefore, parents can act as role models and influence their children toward a healthier lifestyle. Besides a strong association between parental and child health behaviours, parents also influence their children's health behaviours through socio-cognitive pr
The ability to detect and quantitate biomolecules in complex solutions has always been highly sought-after within natural science; being usedfor the detection of biomarkers, contaminants, and other molecules of interest. A commonly used technique for this purpose is the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), where often one antibody is directed towards a specific target molecule, and a second
The impact of the microbiota on our health is rapidly gaining interest. While several bacteria have been associated with disease, and others being indicated as having a probiotic effect, the individual biomolecules behind these alterations are often not known. A major problem in the study of these factors in vivo is their low abundance in complex environments. We recently identified the first secr
Hypolimnas butterflies (Nymphalidae), commonly known as eggflies, are a popular model system for studying a wide range of ecological questions including mimicry, polymorphism, wing pattern evolution, and Wolbachia-host interactions. The lack of a time-calibrated phylogeny for this group has precluded understanding its evolutionary history. We reconstruct a species-level phylogeny using a nine gene
This study presents measurements of droplet transport inside a rotor-stator mixer under turbulent flow conditions and contributes to the understanding of the droplet breakup phenomenon. The measurements contain unique information on droplet breakup down to the limit of equilibrium droplet size. The experimental setup includes a custom-built rotor-stator mixer that provides optical access to the mi
Maintenance of existing harbors implies regular dredging activities. Where the combined use of dredging and disposal of dredged material on nearby sediment-starved beaches can induce major changes in the beach morphology and generate unexpected impacts in the environment, monitoring becomes a concern. This paper was designed to analyze, interpret and evaluate a set of monitoring data collected alo
Despite the toxicity of mercury (Hg) for organisms in the environment, little is known on its impact on the soil microbiome, especially its chronic effect. Here, we assessed the effects of a long-term contamination of Hg in soils on the bacterial and fungal communities along a gradient of contamination from no to high contamination. Short-term reactions (30 days) of the microbial communities in th
