Despite significant progress towards the Millennium goals, more than one billion people live on less than 1.25 US dollars per day. Previous research suggests that globalization stimulates poverty reduction, but does not investigate what role institutions play in this relationship. Theoretically, globalization could act as either a complement or a substitute to institutional quality in reducing pov

Based on a large data-set, spanning the Ordovician-Early Silurian (Telychian) interval, this study explores the phylogeographic distributional pattern for higher orders of rhynchonelliformean brachiopods through four time slices: Tremadocian, Dapingian-Darriwilian, Katian and Telychian. In addition, a palaeobathymetrical analysis has been conducted for the latter two time slices to assess the phyl

Background: It has been suggested that exhaled breath temperature (EBT) is increased in asthmatic subjects. Objectives: Our aim was to investigate EBT in asthmatics compared to healthy controls before and after eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) and a methacholine challenge test (MCT). Methods: A total of 26 asthmatics and 29 healthy controls were included. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (

Haemophilia A and B are hereditary X-linked disorders due to deficiency (or absence) of coagulation factor VIII or IX, respectively. Bleeding risk is related to the severity of factor deficiency. Repeated joint bleeding can lead to a severe haemophilic arthropathy resulting in disabilities. Outcome measurements in persons with haemophilia (PWH) have been limited to laboratory evaluation (factor VI

By analyzing spatio-temporal characteristics of short optical pulses diffusively transmitted through compacted granular materials, we reveal that powder compaction can give rise to strongly anisotropic light diffusion. Our disclosure represents a revision of the understanding of optics of powder compacts. Routes to material characterization and investigation of compression-induced structural aniso

Background: Regional myocardial function is typically evaluated by visual assessment by experienced users, or by methods requiring substantial post processing time. Visual assessment is subjective and not quantitative. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop and validate a simple method to derive quantitative measures of regional wall function from velocity encoded Cardiovascular Magnet

The Nieboer-Domar hypothesis has proved to be a powerful tool for identifying the economic conditions under which slavery was more likely to emerge as a dominant form of labour. It states that in cases of land abundance and labour shortages the use of slavery was likely to become a vital alternative means of increasing production. These conditions have been identified for large parts of pre-coloni

Thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (polyNIPAm) containing terminal boronic acid was synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in combination with Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. Alkyne-terminated polyNIPAm was first synthesized by ATRP using an alkyne-containing initiator. A fluorogenic boronic acid, 3-(2-azido-acetylamino)phe

The 35 by 50 km large, Mesoarchaean Finnefjeld domain near Maniitsoq in the North Atlantic craton of southern West Greenland constitutes the central part of the previously proposed, deeply eroded Maniitsoq impact structure with an age of 3.0 Ga. The Finnefjeld domain is an exceedingly homogeneous, quartzo-feldspathic rock mass which superficially appears to be a late-orogenic, deep-crustal, intrus

Angiotensin II has been suggested to influence central dopamine and serotonin turnover. Since the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a key role in angiotensin regulation by converting inactive angiotensin 1 to active angiotensin II, we hypothesised that the functional insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the ACE gene, which has previously been suggested to be associated with, depression

We investigate protein-protein interactions in solution by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and theoretical modeling. The structure factor for solutions of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), myoglobin (Mb), and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP) is determined from SAXS measurements at multiple concentrations, from Monte Carlo simulations with a coarse-grained structure-based

Mild induced hypothermia is used for neuroprotection in patients successfully resuscitated after cardiac arrest. Temperature-dependent effects on rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM(®)) assays with EXTEM(®), FIBTEM(®), or APTEM(®) in cardiac arrest patients have not previously been studied. Ten patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who underwent induced hypothermia were studied during stab

Wilms tumor (WT) is a pediatric tumor of the kidney, the treatment of which includes heavy chemotherapy. Affected children would likely benefit from more targeted therapies with limited side effects. Establishment of relevant orthotopic WT xenografts is important to better understand mechanisms of WT growth and for preclinical drug testing.

We analyze banks' pooling of corporate loans and propose Pareto-improving sharing rules that depend only on the relative sizes of the loans. Implementation of these sharing rules do not require any precise knowledge of default probabilities or default correlations. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The most pronounced effects of FSH signaling are potentially displayed in follicle fluid (FF), which acts as a reservoir for FSH induced granulosa cell (GC) secreted hormones. This study investigates the effects of two common polymorphisms of FSHR, FSHR 307 (rs6165) and FSHR 680 (rs6166), by evaluating the hormone and gene expression profiles of human small antral follicles collected under physiol

GLP-1 receptor agonists may provide an alternative to prandial insulin for advancing basal insulin therapy. Harmony 6 was a randomized, open-label, active-controlled trial testing once-weekly albiglutide vs thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro as an add-on to titrated once-daily insulin glargine.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients taking basal insulin (with or without oral agents) with HbA1c 7-1

Semiconductor quantum dot (QD) to metal oxide electron injection dynamics is well documented in the scientific literature. In contrast to that, not much is known so far about hole injection time scales in such systems. The current study fills this gap. We investigate photocathodes consisting of CdSe QDs and p-type NiO to study hole injection dynamics from the valence band of the QDs to NiO. The co

BACKGROUND Men and women with type 2 long QT syndrome (LQT2) exhibit time-dependent differences in the risk for cardiac events. We hypothesized that data regarding the location of the disease-causing mutation in the KCNH2 channel may affect gender-specific risk in LQT2. OBJECTIVE This study sought to risk-stratify LQT2 patients for life-threatening cardiac events based on clinical and genetic info