We report on adaptive feedback control of photoinduced barrierless isomerization of 1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine in solution. We compare the effect of different fitness parameters and show that optimal control of the absolute yield of isomerization (photoisomer concentration versus excitation photons) can be achieved, while the relative isomerization yield (photoisomer concentration versus number of

Background A previously reported randomized clinical trial showed treatment of Bowen's disease using photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topically applied delta -aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) to be at least as effective as cryosurgery and to be associated with fewer adverse effects. Objectives To compare ALA-PDT and cryotherapy in the treatment of histopathologically verified basal cell carcinomas (BCCs)

Arctic breeding shorebirds carry substantial body stores on their long-distance migrations from their non-breeding grounds. Upon arrival at the breeding area the remains of these stores can be used for egg formation, insurance against poor feeding conditions or rebuilding organs. We quantified body condition (body mass, total body water, lean body mass and fat mass estimated using the deuterium di

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) offer a large number of new potential applications without relying on significant infrastructure. Many of these applications benefit from multi-hop relaying of information, thus requiring a routing protocol. Characteristics unique to VANETs (such as high mobility and the need for geographical addressing) make many conventional ad hoc routing protocols unsuitable.

This paper explores a new method for evaluating the cost of verifying a contract. We relate these costs to the number of computations an algorithm needs to check that a contract satisfies certain criteria. Two different criteria that facilitate enforcement of the contract are studied. Our findings indicate bounds on the computational costs as the size of the contract grows. If each computation cos

The electron acceptors acetoin, acetaldehyde, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were added to anaerobic batch fermentation of xylose by recombinant, xylose utilising Saccharomyces cerevisiae TMB 3001. The intracellular fluxes during xylose fermentation before and after acetoin addition were calculated with metabolic flux analysis. Acetoin halted xylitol excretion and decreased the flux t

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has prominent survival-promoting effects on lesioned nigrostriatal dopamine neurons, but understanding of the conditions under which functional recovery can be obtained remains to be acquired. We report here the time course of nigrostriatal axon degeneration in the partial lesion model of Parkinson's disease and the morphological and functional ef

OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences in semen quality between samples collected by masturbation at a clinic and at home. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Fertility center. PATIENT(S): Three hundred seventy-nine men assessed for infertility. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Semen was analyzed according to World Health Organization guidelines. Seminal markers of epididymal (ne

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was measured in tissue extracts from ovaries of rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG). The extracted NPY-immunoreactive material was identical to synthetic human NPY with regard to size and hydrophobicity as evaluated by gel filtration and high performance liquid chromatography. The concentration of NPY was related to the estrous cycle and a maximum was obs

Lentiviral vectors have been used extensively as gene transfer tools for the central nervous system throughout the past decade since they transduce most cell types in the brain, resulting in high-level and long-term transgene expression. This review discusses some of the recent progress in this field, including preclinical gene therapy experiments in disease models, development of regulated vector

This paper presents data on international differences in use of TNF inhibitors. It is part of a study on burden and cost of RA, access to new therapies and the role of HTA in determining access and cost-effectiveness. United States has the fastest most extensive use of the new drugs, about three times the average in the western European countries and Canada. Eastern and central European countries

The influence of added colloidal particles on the phase stability of polymer solutions is investigated theoretically. The polymer has an affinity to the particle surface. A mean-field lattice theory based on the Flory-Huggins theory is used to calculate the phase behavior in solutions containing a single polymer component and particles. The particles are described in two different ways. The first

The current study was designed to critically evaluate the notion that cancer stem cell (CSC)-like cells constitute a subpopulation of cells within experimental gliomas. Virtually all cells within the N29 and N32 rat glioma models homogenously expressed CD133, the stem/progenitor marker nestin as well as the neural lineage markers glial fibrillary acidic protein, betaIII-tubulin, and CNPase in vitr

Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with a sulfonated polysulfone (sPSU) as the proton-conducting phase were fuel cell evaluated at varying temperatures in over-humidified conditions. The sPSU was prepared by a direct polycondensation involving a commercially available sulfonated naphthalene diol monomer. The gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) and MEAs were successfully fabricated and a thorough mor

Objective: We report on the consequences of introducing coil embolization for the total management of and outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: In southern Sweden, a prospective analysis of all patients with SAH of verified aneurysmal origin was conducted during the 3 years when coiling was gradually being introduced. The incidence of acute or chronic hydrocephalus, vaso

The proposed MAX IV facility at MAX-lab, Lund University is presented. The project consists of two storage rings at 1.5 and 3 GeV respectively, a 3 GeV linac injector, a facility for short pulses and a Free Electron Laser. The storage rings will cover a broad spectral range and are designed to reach the diffraction limit in a large wavelength range. A new innovative magnet concept and lattice form

BACKGROUND: We measured serum levels of human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) in patients treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy (rrP) for clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) with a total PSA (tPSA)-level below 10 ng/ml to investigate whether hK2 can be applied to preoperatively distinguish organ-confined (pT2a/b) from nonorgan-confined (> or = pT3a)-PCa more accurately than total PSA.

Advancing age is frequented by the onset of a variety of hematological conditions characterized by diminished homeostatic control of blood cell production. The fact that upstream hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are obligate mediators of homeostatic control of all blood lineages, has implicated the involvement of these cells in the pathophysiology of these conditions. Indeed, evidence from

Atherosclerotic lesions are characterized by prominent macrophage and T-cell infiltration and atherosclerosis is widely recognized as an inflammatory disease. The cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15) has T-cell chemotactic and pro-inflammatory properties and promotes the recruitment of T cells to sites of inflammation. We have therefore examined IL-15 expression in the atherosclerotic ApoE-deficient mo