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During hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, monomeric sugars and a broad range of inhibitory compounds are formed and released. These inhibitors, which can be organized around three main groups, furans, weak acids and phenolics, reduce ethanol yield and productivity by affecting the microorganism performance during the fermentation step. Among the microorganisms that have been evaluated for lign

Chromosomal region 13q21-q22 harbors a putative breast cancer susceptibility gene and has been implicated as a common site for somatic deletions in a variety of malignant tumors. We have built a complete physical clone contig for a region between D13S1308 and AFM220YE9 based on 18 yeast artificial chromosome and 81 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones linked together by 22 genetic markers

The changes in the NO adsorption properties of Pd(1 0 0) due to the addition of Mn have been investigated using high resolution core level photoelectron spectroscopy. The Pd(1 0 0) surface was modified by forming a c(2 x 2)-PdMn surface alloy at two different Mn coverages, giving surfaces partly and fully alloyed, respectively, as shown by scanning tunneling microscopy. NO adsorption on the alloy

BACKGROUND: End-to-side nerve repair is attachment of a single distal nerve segment (recipient nerve) end-to-side to an intact donor nerve when there is a lack of proximal nerve segment after injury. The technique is currently used clinically but the mechanism(s) behind this technique are essentially unknown. METHODS: We have studied end-to-side nerve repair in the forelimb of rats, where a single

An existence and uniqueness result for bounded, positive solutions x(t) of the equation u" + f (t, u, u') = 0, t greater than or equal to t(0) greater than or equal to 0, is established by means of the Banach contraction principle. For such a solution it is shown that alpha(t) less than or equal to x'(t) less than or equal to beta(t), t greater than or equal to t(0), where alpha, beta are given no

A study of the formation of resonant states in the conduction band, induced by impurities outside heterostructure quantum wells, is presented. We derive general expressions for the capture and scattering amplitudes, the resonance position and width, and we also calculate the effect on the energy spectrum and the density of states in the quantum well. The theory is applied to two typical impurity p

Objectives. Elevated plasma homocysteine might indicate an increased risk of cancer, and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. The homocysteine level depends on the supply of folate and cobalamine, and constipation and/or laxative treatment might compromise this supply. The present study examined the impact of constipation and laxative treatment on the blood levels of homocysteine, folate and

37 consecutive patients with radial tunnel syndrome treated by decompression of the posterior interosseous nerve and application of a free fat transplant were retrospectively evaluated 3.5 (1-5) years post-operatively by an independent observer. Substantial pain relief was reported by 13 patients and 15 patients were satisfied with the outcome. 16 of 35 patients returned to their preoperative empl

Combustion of hydrocarbons in under-ventilated conditions has been studied experimentally and simulated with the CFD-code SOFIE. This report covers the experimental study in a 1/3 scale model of the ISO room corner test (ISO) 9705). The CFD-simulation part of the project has been published earlier in a SP-Report 1996:41 “CFD Modelling if under-ventilated Fires” by Heimo Touvinen and presented at t

Highly crosslinked synthetic polymers, selective for various Nα-protected amino acids and derivatives, were prepared by non-covalent molecular imprinting. Methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were copolymerized in the presence of the print molecules, which were subsequently extracted from the polymers. The recognition of the polymers for the print molecules and molecules of similar

High-resolution core-level spectroscopy has been applied to the Ag/Si(111)root3xroot3 surface. The Si 2p line shape is found to depend critically on the presence of additional Ag adatoms on the surface. A significant broadening caused by the surplus of Ag atoms could be eliminated by careful annealing. The resulting Si 2p spectra are significantly sharper than any published data for this or other

Nanowires of zinc blende crystal structure, grown in the < 111 > B direction usually have a large number of twin plane defects. In order to investigate this phenomenon, we grow GaP nanowires with metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. By rotating the nanowires in a high resolution transmission electron microscope, we show that the nanowire segments between the twin planes are of octahedral shape and a

Phomol (1), a novel antibiotic, was isolated from fermentations of a Phomopsis species in the course of a screening of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Erythrina crista-galli. For this Argentinean leguminosa anti inflammatory and neuroleptic activities have been described. The compound exhibits antifungal, antibacterial and weak cytotoxic acticity. The anti inflammatory activity was teste

Experimental results of synchrotron radiation focusing by parabolic planar compound refractive lenses, made of glassy carbon, are presented. The lenses with the curvature radius of 5 and 200 mu m, and with the geometric aperture of 40 and 900 mu m were developed. The number of bi-concave elements in the compound lenses was from 4 to 200. The experiments were performed at the ESRF at the bending ma