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The paper shows how a synthetic gradient of a quadratic cost functioncan be used to monitor performance. The method requires a model of theclosed loop system. In the current paper this is obtained from therecommended tuning rule. The tuning rule requires a simple model of theprocess.The method is non-invasive, only closed loopdata from normal operation is used. By monitoring the gradient, informat
Observing that people who wish to engage in prosocial behavior are often presented with more than one means to the same end, we develop a theory in which agents may contribute to a single public good through a range of different activities. Our aim with this extension is twofold. First, we deliver positive results. Noting that effort on one activity has been argued to crowd out ("moral licensing")
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Phototoxicity occurs when a substance is toxic only under the action of light, and can, depending on the mechanism of toxic action, be divided into type I and type II phototoxicity. Other types are sometimes recongnized, and sometimes toxicity occurs through more than one mechanism. Plants often use phototoxins for their defense. They may be harmful to man, but also exploited for medical treatment
This book is the result of a conference, "Gender and Development - New Theories and Discourses: Theorizing Gender Continuity and Change in the Interface between Local Societies and Global Economic Transformation, held in 1993 with of thirty feminist researchers active in Swedish Universities. This book explores gendered relations of power and their consequences: inequalities. Starting with the mat
Popular Abstract in Swedish Att mäta det icke observerbara: Vilka chefer väljs till toppositioner? Rekrytering och urval av chefer präglas till stor del av informationsosäkerhet. Det är svårt att utvärdera chefers prestationer, då deras ansvarsområde består av så många aspekter, då de behöver stor frihet i sitt arbete och därför inte kan kontrolleras alltför mycket och då deras arbete påverkas avRecruitment and selection of managers is to a large degree characterized by information uncertainty. Managers’ performance is difficult to evaluate, as their responsibility consists of so many different aspects, as they may not always be observed due to need for freedom of action and as their work is affected by factors in their environment, which are outside of their control. Also, selection deci
This paper describes a novel tool for eliciting user requirements early in the design process of mobile applications. The “Mobile Oracle”, as we have called it, is intended to help developers and designers obtain a better understanding of what the user wants at different points in space and time. It is an extension of a lo-fi version of the well-established Wizard of Oz technique, but it also adds
This dissertation studies representations of globalization by analyzing travel journalism in two magazines from 1982 to 2008. Globalization discourses are studied through an analysis of how places and identities are constructed. The aim of this study is to examine the use of globalization discourses in travel journalism as both a construction and a defense of privilege. By focusing on two magazine
Indoor positioning is recognized as one of the upcoming major applications which can be used in wide variety of applications such as indoor navigation and enterprise asset tracking. The significance of localization in indoor environments have made the use of Wi-Fi based indoor positioning so that it can utilize available current wireless infrastructure and perform positioning very easily. In this
