This essay takes its point of departure in a letter written by Ayatollah Khomeini suggesting that sovereign authority is a matter of “absolute divine guardianship” and that the state “may suspend any matter – be it devotional or non-devotional – when it contravenes the best interests of Islam for the duration that it is so”. Khomeini insistence that the Islamic state headed by a Guardian Jurist is

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of association between diabetes and inner ear dysfunction are unknown, although endolymphatic hydrops may be involved. We have previously shown that insulin signaling components are expressed in human saccule and that insulin signaling takes place in HEI-OC1 auditory cells.AIM: To explore Nedd4-2 as a target for insulin signaling.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Effects of insulin

The main objective was to develop a wipe sampling test to measure surface contamination of the most frequently used antineoplastic drugs (ADs) in Swedish healthcare and, furthermore, to develop an analysis method sensitive enough to assess low levels of contamination. Two wipe sampling tests with separate sample processing methods assessing (i) cyclophosphamide (CP), ifosfamide (IF), 5-fluorouraci

This article surveys the reception of the Gnostic text Pistis Sophia in esoteric milieus in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. The first part of the article contains an overview of the text and scholarship on it. Then follows a study of the reception of Pistis Sophia in a broader array of esoteric circles. It becomes clear that the text was hailed as an example of ancient and great spThis article surveys the reception of the Gnostic text Pistis Sophia in esoteric milieus in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. The first part of the article contains an overview of the text and scholarship on it. Then follows a study of the reception of Pistis Sophia in a broader array of esoteric circles. It becomes clear that the text was hailed as an example of ancient and great sp

Despite urgent need for climate action, denial of climate change and resulting absence of appropriate pro-environmental behavior are widespread. Interpretive (recognition of climate change as a problem but re-interpretation of its severity) and implicatory denial of climate change (recognition of climate change as a problem but denial of psychological, political, and moral implications) can be int

Twin studies are widely used to estimate heritability of traits and typically rely on knowing the zygosity of twin pairs in order to determine variation attributable to genetics. Most twin studies are conducted in high resource settings. Large scale household survey data, such as the Demographic and Health Surveys, collect various biomarkers for children under five years old in low- and middle-inc

Increasing iron (Fe) concentrations are found in lakes on a wide geographical scale but exact causes are still debated. The observed trends might result from increased Fe loading from the terrestrial catchment, but also from changes in how Fe distributes between the water column and the sediments. To get a better understanding of the causes we investigated whether there has been any change in the

INTRODUCTION: Informal carers in paid employment-working carers (WKCs)-have complex support needs. However, little is known about WKCs' pattern of informal care provision, the support they receive, the impact providing care has on their employment, and how these vary between male and female WKCs. This study describes the pattern of informal care provision and received support among Swedish WKCs.RE

Several groups have during past years produced molecular classification schemes for bladder cancer. Even though no consensus on how to define a subtype exists, one approach has been to base definitions on how tumours cluster according to their mRNA expression profiles. In many cases, obtained profiles, and thus class defining features, are affected by signals from non-tumour cells within the biops

A feasible implementation of a novel X-ray detector for highly energetic X-ray photons with a large solid angle coverage, optimal for the detection of Compton X-ray scattered photons, is described. The device consists of a 20 cm-thick sensitive volume filled with xenon at atmospheric pressure. When the Compton-scattered photons interact with the xenon, the released photoelectrons create clouds of

Aim: The study aim was to evaluate the RSR 3 Screen ICA™ and 2 Screen ICA™ for detection of islet cell autoimmunity in healthy Swedish subjects and patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: 3 Screen is designed for combined detection of autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), to the islet antigen IA-2 (IA-2A) and to zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A), while 2 Screen detec

A platoon comprises a string of consecutive highly automated vehicles traveling together. Platooning allows for increased road utilization and reduced fuel consumption due to short inter-vehicular distances. Safety in terms of guaranteeing no rear-end collisions is of utmost importance for platooning systems to be deployed in practice. We compare how safely emergency braking can be handled by emer

Adolescence can be a stressful period in life. The period contains challenges associated with the transition from childhood to adulthood (body changes, changes in interpersonal relationships, and identity changes). The aim was to investigate experiences of stress among adolescents in addition to stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Focus group interviews (n = 8) were conducted with girls (n =

Introduction: MR facilities must implement and maintain adequate screening and safety procedures to ensure safety during MR examinations. The aim of this study was to evaluate a multi-step MR safety screening process used at a 7T facility regarding incidence of different types of safety risks detected during the safety procedure. Methods: Subjects scheduled for an MR examination and having entered

Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor (SCD34FT) is a recently recognized soft tissue tumor that is considered to be of borderline malignancy. The pathogenesis of this tumor remains incompletely understood, but it has been suggested that SCD34FT overlaps with tumors showing fusions involving the PRDM10 gene. Previous analyses of PRDM10-rearranged tumors have demonstrated that they have a dis

This research aims to investigate nonionic hyperbranched polyesters (HBPs) derived from indole and lignin resources as new nontoxic antimicrobial coatings. Three nonionic HBPs with zero to two methoxy ether substituents on each benzene ring in the polymer backbones were synthesized by melt-polycondensation of three corresponding AB2 monomers. The molecular structures and thermal properties of the

Ligand selectivity among the highly conserved galectins has been an ever-challenging objective. For galectin-8, a protein prevalent in both pathology and tissue distribution, we report phthalazinone-galactals that show excellent selectivity for the galectin-8N-terminal domain. A dissection of structure–activity relationships of the phthalazinone and an extensive molecular dynamics meta-analysis ac